身份认同与他者构建:“宋濂樱诗”在江户日本的命运

Identity and the Construction of Others:The Fate of Song Lian’s Cherry Blossom Poem in the Edo Japan

宋濂樱诗是一首目前来历仍不太明确的诗。它本来并不具有支撑“樱花日本独有”的逻辑和力量,在江户前期也被当成了“中国有樱花”的证据。江户中期及其后该诗却被一些学者解释为“中国无樱花”的证据,并在江户后期成为知识界的普遍认识,而对江户日本以“樱花日本独有”论构建自我的樱花观及基于此的自他认识的形成产生了深远影响。这种对宋濂樱诗的处置既反映了江户日本自他认识的转变及其原理,也反映了江户日本身份建构的路径和原理。

The Poem of cherry blossom by Song Lian,without a clear origin yet and seen as the evidence that there were‘sakura’in China during the early Edo period,does not logically nor powerfully sustain the argument that‘sakura’only exist in Japan.However,from the middle of the Edo period onwards,the poem was interpreted by some scholars as the evidence showing that there were no‘sakura’in China.In the late Edo period,such a consensus was reached in the academic world that it had an impact on the formation of the concept of‘sakura’that only Japan has‘sakura’,which in turn affected the recognition of the other in Tokugawa Japan.In other words,such interpretations of Song Lian’s Cherry Blossom Poem not only reflect the contradiction between the need and the rejection of the other in the construction of national identity in Tokugawa Japan,but also offer us a glimpse into the path and principle on which the construction of national identity of Tokugawa Japan bases.