中国城市知识网络嵌入与科技企业孵化的交互影响研究

The interplay between knowledge network embededness and technology enterprise incubation of cities in China

城市知识网络深刻影响着中国城市作为科技企业孵化苗圃的功能,深入揭示城市知识联系的创业驱动效应及其反馈机制已成为新时期经济地理学的重要课题,也将为中国创业政策的优化调整提供参考。本文以2020年中国274个地级以上城市为样本,利用专利权转让数据构建城市知识网络,以网络权力测度城市的网络嵌入特征,以科技型中小企业注册数量表征城市的科技企业孵化能力,通过联立方程模型检验了中国城市知识网络嵌入与科技企业孵化的内生交互影响及其空间溢出效应。研究表明:①城市在知识网络的嵌入特征与科技企业孵化能力存在交互的正向影响,即网络权力的提高通过改善城市对网络知识的利用能力正向影响着城市的科技企业孵化能力,科技企业的集聚发展又通过提高城市的知识交流能力正向影响着城市的网络权力。②城市知识网络嵌入与科技企业孵化存在交互的空间依赖效应,即城市在知识网络的权力地位正向依赖于周边城市的科技企业孵化能力,城市的科技企业孵化能力也受到周边城市网络嵌入特征的正向影响,并且这种交互的空间依赖效应呈现出随距离而衰减的特征。未来应解析中国城市知识网络嵌入与科技企业孵化交互关系的空间异质性特征,并关注城市在知识网络的嵌入特征对创业生态系统的影响机制及反馈作用。

In the past few decades,the knowledge network of cities in China has developed rapidly,which deeply affects the function of cities as the incubator of technology enterprises.This study sets out to gain a better understanding of the interplay between knowledge network embededness and technology enterprise incubation ability of cities in China.To this end,information on patent transferred data is subjected to ownership linkage model to construct the urban knowledge network,resulting in a cross-sectional dataset with 274 cities in China in2020.Network centrality indicators including degree,betweeness,eigenvector and coreness are used to measure the network embedding characteristics,the number of registrations of small and medium-sized technology enterprises is used to represent the entrepreneurship incubation ability,and simultaneous equation models are employed to conduct the econometric analysis.Two conclusions are drawn.First,the empirical results show a mutual promotion relationship between the embedding characteristics of cities in the knowledge network and their incubation ability of technology enterprises.The improvement in network power positively affects the incubation nursery function of technology enterprises by improving the utilization ability of cities’network knowledge,and the agglomeration and development of technology enterprises also positively affects the network power of cities by improving their knowledge exchange ability.Second,there is an interactive spatial dependence effect between urban knowledge network embededness of cities and their incubation function of technology enterprise.The embedding characteristics of cities in knowledge network are positively affected by the technology enterprises incubation ability of neighboring cities,and the incubation ability of technology enterprises of cities is also positively dependent on the network embedding characteristics of neighboring cities.In addition,a distance decay characteristic of the spatial interaction effects is identified.Taken together,the results indicate the entrepreneurial ecosystems of cities at different spatial scales are interconnected through knowledge pipeline effects and spatial spillovers effect,forming a complex and open entrepreneurship ecological network on a national scale.At the same time,as the active agents of entrepreneurship activities,the technology enterprises could create the network connections that benefit their own development.In the future,researchers should analyze the spatial heterogeneity of the interaction between knowledge network embeddedness and technology enterprise incubation in Chinese cities,and pay attention to the impact mechanisms and their feedbacks of the embeddedness of cities in knowledge networks to entrepreneurial ecosystems.