公路客流视域下中国城市网络的空间集聚、层级体系与演化模式

Spatial agglomeration, hierarchical system and evolution model of China’s city network based on the perspective of highway passenger flows

借助公路客流大数据,研究中国公路客运交通网络的空间分布格局与集聚机理,以系统解析区域城市网络“多中心、多层级、多节点”的层级体系与演化模式。研究显示,中国公路客运交通网络总体上呈现出区域性中心集聚分布格局,公路客运联系的距离衰减和地理邻近分布特征很好体现了地理学的空间相关性,公路客运联系的区域性空间集聚和层级叠套现象则是地理学空间异质性分布规律的表征。对中国公路客运交通网络进行省域尺度社区探测,出现类似省级行政区划的社区划分,更大区域尺度的社区探测则出现类似全国七大地理分区的空间划分,反映出公路客运交通联系的集聚特性是以各级中心城市为核心的区域性空间集聚分布。随着区域发展阶段和经济发展水平的提升,中国城市网络由西向东明显呈现出单中心到多中心、弱层级到多层级、少节点到多节点的渐进式空间演化过程。西北、东北、湖北、山西、江西、广西和云南等社区为“单中心、弱层级、少节点”的网络体系,广东、成渝和山东社区呈现“双中心、多层级、多节点”的网络结构,沪苏皖社区则发育出最为成熟的“多中心、多层级、多节点”城市网络体系。研究以空间换时间,将区域系统的城市网络演化过程划分为节点城市发育、地方中心增长、省域中心形成、区域中心集聚、国家中心出现等阶段,演进方向指向了“多中心、多层级、多节点”网络型一体化空间格局。研究为揭示都市圈和城市群网络型一体化发展机制、层级体系及其演化模式等方面提供研究参考。

With the help of highway passenger flow big data, this paper studies the spatial distribution pattern and agglomeration mechanism of China’s highway passenger transportation network, and systematically analyzes the "multi-center, multi-hierarchy, multi-node" hierarchical system and evolution mode of the regional urban network. The research shows that China’s highway passenger transportation network generally presents a regional central agglomeration distribution pattern. The distance attenuation and geographical proximity distribution characteristics of highway passenger transportation links well reflect the spatial correlation of geography;the regional spatial agglomeration and hierarchical overlapping phenomena of highway passenger transportation links are the characteristics of the distribution law of geographic spatial heterogeneity. The provincial-scale community detection of China’s highway passenger transportation network shows that the detection results are similar to the community division of provincial administrative divisions, and the larger regional-scale community detection results are similar to the spatial division of China’s seven major geographical regions. This reflects that the agglomeration characteristics of highway passenger transportation links are regional spatial agglomeration distribution with central cities at all levels as the core. With the improvement of regional development stage and economic development level, China’s urban network obviously presents a gradual spatial evolution process from single-center to multi-center, weak-hierarchy to multi-hierarchy, and few-node to multi-node from west to east. Communities such as Northwest China, Northeast China, Hubei,Shanxi, Jiangxi, Guangxi, and Yunnan have a network system of "single-center, weakhierarchy, and few-node", while communities such as Guangdong, Chengdu-Chongqing and Shandong present a network structure of "dual-center, multi-hierarchy, and multi-node". The Shanghai-Jiangsu-Anhui community has developed the most mature "multi-center, multihierarchy, multi-node" urban network system. The research uses space instead of time, and divides the evolution process of urban network of the regional system into five stages: the development of node cities, the growth of local centers, the formation of provincial centers, the agglomeration of regional centers, and the emergence of national centers. The evolution direction points to a network-based integrated spatial pattern of "multi-center, multi-hierarchy,and multi-node". The research provides a research reference for revealing the network-based integrated development mechanism, hierarchical system and evolution pattern of metropolitan circles and urban agglomerations.