基于手机信令数据的深圳市二元居住空间迁居模式研究

The relocation patterns in Shenzhen′s dual residential space based on mobile phone data

迁居是城市空间重构的基础动力,了解其行为机制对改善住房结构、优化空间组织具有重要意义,然而目前针对大城市内部、正规与非正规二元居住空间并存的迁居研究仍较薄弱。本文基于生命历程理论与家庭迁居理论,利用2018年12月至2019年12月的手机信令等多源数据,识别深圳市二元居住空间分布和迁居流样本,从迁居流特征、邻里属性和二元空间类型三方面选取指标开展基于主成分分析的K-means聚类,探究迁居模式、结构特性与形成原因。结果表明:①非正规内部、正规与非正规交互、正规内部三层次迁居类型间存在年龄和居住质量递增的趋势,但均呈现通勤导向;②二元迁居的主体是短距离迁移,形成了4个大规模迁居网络集群,总体方向表现出郊区化趋势;③迁居模式可聚类为社区型、改善型、家庭型、事业型4类,结合二元空间分异影响呈现出8亚类,不同类型迁居群体属性和动因存在显著差别,总体反映出人们在不同生命历程下的迁居过程。最后,文章针对不同迁居模式提出差异化空间治理政策建议。

Relocation is one of the most important driving forces for urban spatial reconstruction,and understanding its behavioral mechanism is of great significance for improving the housing market structure and adjusting the direction of spatial development.However,previous studies mostly focus on the relocation between urban and rural areas,there is still limited research on relocation within large cities where both formal(represented by commercial housing and affordable housing)and informal(represented by urban villages)dual residential spaces coexist,and traditional studies mostly use questionnaires,which have limitations such as one-sidedness.Based on life course theory and household relocation theory,this study identifies the distribution of dichotomous settlements and relocation flows in Shenzhen using multi-source data such as mobile phone data from December 2018 to December 2019.We select indicators from three aspects:relocation flow characteristics,neighborhood attributes and dual residential space types.K-means clustering based on principal component analysis is conducted to explore its relocation patterns,structural characteristics and motivational laws.The results show that:(1)The dual relocation in Shenzhen can be divided into three levels:intra-informal relocation,formal and informal interactive relocation,and intraformal relocation.There is an increasing trend in the age and living quality of the relocatees among the three levels,but they all present a commuting orientation;(2)The main part of dual relocation is short-distance migration,forming four large-scale relocation network clusters:Bao’an and Nanshan,Longhua,Futian and Luohu,Longgang.And the overall direction is from Guannei to Guanwai,showing a suburbanization trend.(3)The relocation patterns can be clustered into four categories:community-based,upgrade-based,family-based,and careerbased,and eight subcategories appear after we combine the influence of dual residential space.There are significant differences in the attributes and motivations of different categories of relocatees,which generally reflect the relocation process of people under different life courses.Finally,this study proposes differentiated spatial governance policy recommendations for different relocation patterns.Considering the fact that there are obvious dual structure characteristics in Shenzhen housing market,this paper brings formal and informal residential spaces into the study,which is of great significance for understanding the relationship between relocation and housing market selection,as well as the management of dual housing market.