国际游客对大运河遗产价值的感知:基于跨地方主体性的视角

International tourists’value perception of the Grand Canal heritage:From the perspective of translocal subjectivity

遗产价值评判的立场与标准隐含了遗产话语权的角逐以及价值观传播的问题。目前,中国世界遗产的价值评定受制于西方所谓的“普遍价值”;特别是在入境遗产旅游这一文化外交的前沿阵地,现行遗产实践按照西方标准来展示中国文化传统,有可能预设了国际游客的遗产价值评判立场与标准,反而丧失了中国文化外交的主场优势。“共同价值”为遗产价值评判提供了指引,如何借力入境遗产旅游的现实情境,证实并传播共同价值立场与标准,是遗产实践的重要议题。鉴于此,本文以大运河苏州段遗产地为例,基于跨地方主体性的理论视角,解析国际游客与大运河遗产地的互动过程及其感知评判遗产价值的具体路径。研究发现:国际游客从微观与中观两个层面来与遗产地互动,并通过移情性理解与自反性建构两种具体路径,实现了不同文化间的对话与协商;这一过程中,国际游客能动地感知评判着大运河遗产的价值,跨越了所谓“普遍价值”所预设的狭隘僵化的、西方中心主义的文化价值立场,达成了开放包容、交融互鉴的文明交往实践,成为共同价值立场与标准的国际群众基础。文章引入共同价值立场与标准来尝试破除西方普遍价值论背后的霸权主义行径,对争取世界遗产话语权、推进文明间平等交往、弘扬中华文化自信具有重要的实践意义。

The stance and criteria of assessing heritage value reflect the competition for heritage discourse power and the dissemination of values.At present,China’s world heritage value assessment is subject to the universal values promoted by the West,and is faced with serious challenges of heritage discourse power.Especially in inbound heritage tourism,namely the frontier of cultural diplomacy,the current heritage practice presents Chinese cultural traditions according to the Western standards,which may presuppose the positions and standards of international tourists to judge the value of heritage,and lose the home field advantage of Chinese cultural diplomacy.With the CPC Central Committee vigorously promoting common values which provide guidelines for heritage value assessment,how to make use of inbound heritage tourism to confirm and disseminate common value positions and standards has become an important issue in heritage practice.In view of this,this paper explores the interaction process between international tourists and the Grand Canal heritage site and the specific paths of international tourists’perceptions and judgments of heritage value based on the theoretical perspective of translocal subjectivity.Suzhou Ancient Canal section of the Grand Canal is taken as the research site.The results show that international tourists interact with the heritage sites at both micro and meso levels,and realize intercultural dialogue and negotiation through two specific paths,including empathic understanding and selfreflexive construction.In this process,international tourists actively perceive and judge the value of the Grand Canal heritage,crossing the narrow,rigid Western-centric cultural value positions presupposed by the universal values,and reaching an open and inclusive civilizational interaction practice,which further promote greater international recognition of the positions and standards of common values.The article attempts to break the hegemonic practices behind the Western universal value theory by introducing the common values’positions and standards.It offers important practical implications for China to strive for the discourse power of world heritage,promote equal interactions among civilizations,and improve Chinese cultural identity.