2010—2020年中国乡村人居环境质量评价及其演变特征

Evaluation of China’s rural human settlements quality and its spatiotemporal change characteristics from 2010 to 2020

科学评价并揭示乡村人居环境质量变化规律有助于指导乡村建设活动。在实施乡村振兴战略背景下,本文构建包括生产基础、生活设施、公共服务、卫生环境和农业环境5个维度21个指标的乡村人居环境质量指数,对2010—2020年全国、区域及省级尺度乡村人居环境质量进行测度及比较研究。结果表明:(1) 2010年以来中国乡村人居环境质量稳步提升,乡村公共服务和卫生环境两个维度贡献率最大,农业环境维度贡献最小。(2)东部地区乡村人居环境质量水平最高,中部次之,西部和东北地区最低;东部地区乡村人居环境质量提升快于其他地区,公共服务维度改善最为明显。(3)乡村人居环境质量空间格局呈现“T”字形,东部沿海和长江沿线省份水平高,中西部大多省份在乡村生活设施和卫生环境维度存在短板。各省份乡村人居环境质量相对差距呈缩小趋势,卫生环境维度缩小最为明显。从强化与社会需求结合、补足区域发展短板和协同农业绿色发展等方面,提出乡村人居环境质量提升建议。

Revealing the law of changes in the quality of rural human settlements environment can help guide rural construction activities. Under the background of the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, this paper constructed an index system of rural human settlements environment quality(RHSEQ) with 21 indicators in 5 dimensions, including production infrastructure, living facilities, public services, sanitation environment and agricultural environment. RHSEQ was measured and compared at the national, regional and provincial scales from 2010 to 2020. The results show that:(1) Since 2010, the score of RHSEQ in China has improved steadily, with the two dimensions of rural public service and sanitation environment contributing the most, and the agricultural environment dimension contributing the least.(2) The score of RHSEQ in the eastern region is the highest, followed by the central region, and the lowest in the western and northeastern regions. RHSEQ in the eastern region has improved faster than that of other regions, and the public service dimension has improved most significantly.(3) The spatial pattern of RHSEQ presents a“T”-shaped pattern, with the top 10 high-value provinces located in the eastern coast and along the Yangtze River and most provinces in the central and western regions have shortcomings in the dimensions of rural living facilities and sanitation environment. The relative gap in RHSEQ among provinces is narrowed, with the most obvious reduction in the dimension of sanitation environment. To improve RHSEQ, countermeasures and suggestions such as strengthening the combination with social demand, promoting regional coordinated development to make up for shortcomings, and coordinating agricultural green development, are put forward.