基于出行链的新能源汽车公共充电站点可达性研究——以北京市为例

Accessibility of public electric vehicle charging stations based on trip chains: A case study in Beijing

利用北京市新能源汽车公共充电站点与精细尺度人口分布数据,构建新能源汽车充电的全过程出行链,分析充电设施的空间可达性及充电后的步行活动累积机会。采用两步移动搜索法与累计机会法,运用空间自相关聚类,解析新能源充电站点的供需匹配程度,结果表明:(1)北京市六环内充电桩的可达性显现中心集聚特征,呈现同心圆圈层结构,且随距中心距离增加而递减。(2)公共充电站点分布与人口、道路网络存在较强的空间相关性。(3)北京市车均公共充电桩可达性为0.09个;以四环线为界,充电设施空间可达性存在显著差异,在五环至六环区域存在供给缺乏区域。基于出行链视角的充电可达性研究同时考虑了充电供需匹配程度以及充电站点位置对车主的吸引能力,为进一步优化新能源公共充电设施布局提供了科学依据。

The 14th Five-year Plan(2021-2025) and the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals have clarified the requirements for upgrading industrial structure and improving residential living environment. As the basic process of electric vehicle industry, the spatial distribution, service coverage and accessibility of charging stations directly affect the convenience of electric vehicles, and then affect the market occupancy of electric vehicle industry. Based on the data of Beijing electric vehicle charging stations and population, we build a trip chain of the whole charging process and analyze accessibility of charging pile per vehicle and the cumulative opportunities of walking activities after charging. By using spatial autocorrelation clustering with two-step floating catchment area method and cumulative opportunity method, we analyze the supply-demand mismatch degree for electric charging stations. The results show that:(1) The accessibility of charging piles within the Sixth Ring Road of Beijing presents spatial agglomeration around the central areas, which represents a concentric structure and the accessibility decreases with the increasing distance from the center.(2) The distribution of charging stations is positively correlated with population density and road network.(3) The accessibility of average charging pile by each car in Beijing is only 0.09.There is a significant difference in the accessibility of charging piles with the watershed at the Fourth Ring Road of Beijing. It presents lack of supply in the area from the Fifth Ring Road to the Sixth Ring Road. The research on charging facility accessibility from the perspective of trip chains also considers the matching degree of supply and demand and the attraction of charging location to electric vehicles owners. The research conclusion provides a scientific basis for further allocating electric charging stations, and new ideas for measuring accessibility of public service infrastructure.