Advances in molecular mechanism of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury is a pathological change that occurs during the restoration of blood supply to ischemic or occluded coronary arteries after coronary heart disease,stroke,cardiac arrest and resuscitation,organ transplantation,shock and other events.Myocardial I/R injury is often accompanied by cardiovascular adverse events,which seriously affect the prognosis of myocardial ischemia.The potential mechanism of myocardial I/R injury is complex,involving many pathological processes,such as oxygen free radical injury,calcium overload,inflammation,apoptosis,activation,immune imbalance,endoplasmic reticulum stress,autophagy,myocardial energy metabolism disorder,myocardial microvascular endothelial cell injury and so on.Ischemic preconditioning is an effective preventive and therapeutic measure to reduce ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury.At present,there are many experimental studies on the pathogenesis and prevention and treatment measures,but the clinical application is still limited,so the prevention and treatment of I/R injury is still a major challenge.The pathogenesis of myocardial I/R injury is not completely clear,and the treatment methods and drugs are limited,so this paper summarizes the molecular mechanism and related signal pathways involved in its injury,as well as the emerging targeted therapy,to provide strategy and theoretical basis for clinical prevention and treatment of myocardial I/R injury.