跨物种microRNA介导的宿主和血吸虫的相互作用

Host-schistosome interactions mediated by cross-species microRNA

血吸虫病是一种严重威胁人类生命健康的重大寄生虫病,进一步了解宿主和血吸虫之间的相互作用机制是制定新型防控策略的基础。microRNA(miRNA)是一类内源性的非编码小RNA,通过与靶基因mRNA序列的互补结合,促进mRNA的降解或抑制其翻译。血吸虫和宿主动物细胞均表达miRNA,并能通过胞外囊泡等形式释放出来。越来越多的证据表明血吸虫释放出来的miRNA能够被宿主细胞摄取,并通过跨物种调控方式在虫体寄生维持及致病等过程中发挥重要作用,甚至可以抑制肝癌细胞的生长及转移。目前尚没有证据表明宿主miRNA能够被虫体细胞摄取,但这种现象极有可能存在。miRNA介导的跨物种调控已成为宿主与血吸虫相互作用的新机制,本文就对此新机制的研究进展进行综述。

Schistosomiasis is a serious major parasitic disease that threatens human life and health.A better understanding of the mechanism of host-schistosome interactions is the key to designing new prevention and control strategies.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are endogenous small non-coding RNA molecules,which lead to the degradation of the target messenger RNA(mRNA)or inhibition of its translation in a sequence-specific manner.Both schistosome and its host produce miRNAs,which can be secreted by extracellular vesicles(EVs).There is accumulating evidence that miRNAs from schistosome can be taken up by host cells,and finely manipulate the phenotype of host cells for their survival or pathogenesis in a cross-species manner,even inhibiting the growth and metastases of hepatoma cells.It is still unknown whether host free miRNAs can be taken up by schistosome,but this phenomenon is highly probable.miRNA-mediated cross-species regulation has emerged as a novel mechanism for host-schistosome interactions,and this review summarizes the advances in this regard.