沉积物古DNA重构动植物群落变化及人地关系的研究进展

Reconstruction of Flora and Fauna Community Evolution and Human-Earth Interaction Using Sedimentary Ancient DNA:Progress and Perspectives

近二十年兴起的沉积物古DNA指标具有极大的生物分类学宽度,为认识全球范围内海相、湖相、陆相第四纪生物环境演变和人地关系注入了新活力。然而,这一指标在国内的应用极为有限,严重滞后于国际水平。本文在介绍沉积物古DNA指标的鉴别实验流程和国内初步试验结果的基础上,综述了沉积物古DNA组成在重建地质历史时期动植物群落对气候变化的响应、人类迁徙导致的动植物扩散及其环境效应和人类农牧活动历史演化三个方面的应用,展望了沉积物古DNA的未来研究方向和前景,以期推动沉积物古DNA指标在国内第四纪气候和环境考古领域的应用与发展。

The sedimentary ancient DNA indicator,which has emerged in the past two decades,has a great bio-taxonomic breadth and has opened a new window for understanding the evolution of marine,lacustrine and terrestrial Quaternary biological environments and human-earth interaction on a global scale.However,the application of this new indicator in China is extremely limited and seriously lags behind the international research level.Based on the introduction of the identification experimental procedure of the sedimentary ancient DNA indicator and the results of the preliminary experiments in China,this paper reviews the applications of the sedimentary ancient DNA composition in reconstructing the response of flora and fauna community to climate change in the geological-historical period,the dispersal of flora and fauna due to human migration and its environmental effects,and the historical evolution of human agro-pastoral activities,etc.The future research directions and perspectives of sedimentary ancient DNA are prospected to promote the application and development of the sedimentary ancient DNA indicator in the field of Quaternary climate and environmental archaeology in China.