低社会经济地位对城市儿童亲社会行为的影响研究

Research on the Influence of the Low Socio-economic Status on Prosocial Behaviors of Urban Children

社会经济地位(Socio-economic Status,SES)①会对儿童的亲社会行为产生影响,而其对城市儿童亲社会行为的影响研究未得到足够的重视。本文利用就读于同一学校不同SES儿童作为实验样本,通过实验研究不同SES对儿童亲社会行为影响。我们发现:复杂公平观上,高SES儿童具有更加明显的劳动优先主义,而低SES儿童则表现出更多结果公平;涉他偏好上,高SES儿童表现得更亲社会、更愿意分享,低SES儿童则表现出更多恶意行为;竞争意愿上,低SES儿童呈现出更强烈的竞争意愿,且男生比女生更愿意竞争。上述研究表明即使享有同等质量的教育资源,不同SES儿童在公平观、涉他偏好及竞争意愿上均存在明显差距,这种差异不应被忽视,我们需要重视对低社会经济地位儿童的关注和培育。

Socio-economic status(SES)plays an important role in shaping children’s social preferences,but there are few studies of the SES effect on children from cities.In this paper,we investigated how the socio-economic status impacts school children’s prosocial behaviors with an experimental method.Subjects are educated at the same primary school in Changchun but with different socio-economic status.We find that 1)with the respect to complex fairness ideals,high SES children are more likely to be labor-preferred than the low SES,while low SES children are more likely to hold egalitarianism.2)As for other-regarding preferences,high SES children are more prosocial and generous than the low SES,but low SES children are more spiteful than the high SES.3)Compared with high SES children,low SES children like to have a higher level of willingness to compete more than the high SES.From above results,it illustrates that although children shared the same high-quality educating resources,children with different socio-economic status still have gaps in complex fairness views,other-regarding preferences,and the willingness to compete.We should take more importance of cares and education for low SES children to eliminate differences.