莎车县近50年乡村聚落时空格局演化

The evolution of spatial and temporal patterns of rural settlements in Shache County in the past 50 years

乡村聚落的演变能够深刻反映自然环境和人文社会经济的变迁,但对其研究并没有广泛和深入开展。以南疆典型区域莎车县为研究区,发挥遥感技术优势,借助1970 s以来的CORONA和Landsat系列影像等多源多时相遥感数据进行信息提取和时空分析,探讨聚落时空演变特征。结论如下:(1)近50年来莎车县乡村聚落规模变化较为剧烈,聚落由大规模、低密度向小规模、高密度演化,聚落斑块数量和面积增加显著,特别新世纪以来增速明显加快。(2)乡村聚落重心均位于县域中部的托木吾斯塘乡,且向西南偏移。(3)乡村聚落斑块之间距离持续缩减,图斑持续向外扩张,为随机模式聚集,且向西南扩张,聚集程度持续提高。(4)乡村聚落核密度呈现由低向高增大的趋势,核密度低值向较高值和高值发展,2000—2018年比1964—2000年的阶段核密度高低值分布状况变化剧烈,乡村聚落高值集聚区呈现由散状—带状—片状的变化特征,“热点区”和“冷点区”斑块数量均有所上升。

The evolution of rural settlements can profoundly reflect the changes in the natural environment and humanities,society and economy, but their research has not been extensively and thoroughly carried out. Taking Shache County, a typical area of southern Xinjiang, as the research area, taking advantage of remote sensing technology, using multi-source and multi-temporal remote sensing data such as CORONA and Landsat series images since the 1960s, information extraction and spatio-temporal analysis are carried out to discuss the characteristics of the temporal and spatial evolution of settlements.The conclusions are as follows.(1) The scale of rural settlements in Shache County has changed drastically in the past 50years. The settlements have evolved from large-scale and low-density to small-scale and high-density. The number and area of settlement patches have increased significantly, especially since the new century.(2) The center of gravity of rural settlements is in Tuomuwusitang Township in the middle of the county, and it shifts to the southwest.(3) The distance between rural settlement patches continues to shrink, and the map patches continue to expand outward, in a random pattern.The core density of rural settlements has increased from low to high, and the core density of rural settlements has increased from low to high. The core density of rural settlements has developed from low to high and high values. 2000-2018 compared with 1964-2000, the distribution of high and low values of nuclear density changed drastically during the year. The high-value agglomeration areas of rural settlements showed changes from scattered-banded-flaky, and the number of patches in "hot spots" and "cold spots" increased.