物化与异化:一种历史唯物主义的科学观察——孙伯鍨《卢卡奇与马克思》研究

Materialization and Alienation: a Scientific Observation of Historical Materialism——a Study on Sun Bokui’s Lukacs and Marx

孙伯鍨先生运用历史唯物主义的方法,对比卢卡奇与马克思在对待物化和异化问题上诸多差异,批判性地分析了卢卡奇理论中存在的问题。他认为,马克思在自己中期经济学研究中重新使用的异化概念,与他早先在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的人本主义异化史观是完全异质的,这杜绝了那种用人本主义重构马克思的偏向;而卢卡奇在《历史与阶级意识》一书中混淆了物化与异化的关系,没有区分客观历史规律与特定历史现象,这导致他仅仅从抽象的价值尺度出发,将独立于人的物质存在和物质规律一概视为是与人相异化的现象,这就是唯心主义的方法论。

Mr. Sun Bokui used the method of historical materialism to compare the differences between Lukacs and Marx in the treatment of materialization and alienation, and critically analyzed the problems in Lukacs’ theory. He believed that the concept of alienation that Marx used again in his medium-term economic research was completely different from his earlier humanistic alienation historical view in the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844, which put an end to the tendency of reconstructing Marx with humanism;However, in History and Class Consciousness, Lukacs confused the relationship between materialization and alienation, and did not distinguish between objective historical laws and specific historical phenomena,which led him to regard the material existence and material laws independent of human beings as a phenomenon different from human beings only from the abstract value scale, which is the methodology of idealism.