数据驱动的城市公共安全风险协同治理机制探析

Research on Data Driven Collaborative Governance Mechanism of Urban Public Security Risks

风险暗含着应急决策,由此需要思考如何通过公共安全治理体系设计来降低风险向突发公共危机和灾难事件转化的概率。大数据时代的城市公共安全风险日益变得具有跨界关联性,考验城市公共安全治理体系的风险监测预警能力与协同防控能力。数据驱动的城市公共安全风险协同治理,本质上就是大数据提供科学方法预测与赋能公共治理,即把数字技术广泛应用于公共安全管理与服务,以构建“人—地—物—事—组织”等全要素信息关联的城市数据资源信息化平台为支撑,通过大数据为城市治理现实场景“画像”,推动公共安全治理数字化、网络化、智能化运行。在实践中,数据驱动的城市公共安全风险治理呈现“数据聚合—数据关联—数据决策”为主线的数据治理和“风险识别—风险研判—风险防控”为主线的风险治理双重协同过程,由此形成了基于数据要素聚合的风险识别机制、基于数据关联分析的风险研判机制、基于部门业务协同的风险防控机制。

Data driven collaborative governance of urban public security risks is essentially big data providing scientific methods for forecasting and enabling public governance. In practice, data driven urban public security risk governance presents a dual collaborative process of data governance with "data aggregation-data association-data decision-making" as the main line and risk governance with "risk identification-risk research and judgment-risk prevention and control" as the main line, thus forming a risk identification mechanism based on data element aggregation, a risk research and judgment mechanism based on data association analysis, and a risk prevention and control mechanism based on department business collaboration.