“聚天下英才而用之”:如何促进“外乡人”入村创业?——基于家庭规模的视角

Gathering the World’s Talents and Using Them: How to Promote “Strangers” to Start a Business in the Village?From the Family-size Perspective

乡村振兴呼唤人才,农户异地创业浪潮随之高涨。但农户异地创业及其流向的驱动因素及其作用机制尚未得到重视,更少有研究结合家庭结构因素进行讨论。本文基于2016年上海财经大学在全国范围内展开的“千村调查”和2016年中国城市统计年鉴,从家庭内部社会化特征和家庭资本角度出发,结合农户异地创业特征及障碍,考察创业者原生家庭规模对异地创业、创业流向影响,以及个体人力资本和企业所属产业类型在上述关系间所起到的调节作用,以期为各地突围“抢人”大战,实现创新发展和产业升级产生积极作用。研究结果表明:(1)农户创业者的原生家庭规模越大,越容易采取异地创业行为;(2)并且倾向去往与原生地经济发展距离较大的地区;(3)创业者的个体人力资本放大了家庭规模与异地创业、经济发展距离的正效应;当企业属于第三产业时,家庭规模与异地创业的正效应更强。研究通过将家庭科学与创业研究结合起来,凸显了家庭规模对创业选择的重要作用,并为乡村地区制定“引人”和“留人”政策,尤其是针对相对落后地区发挥产业和项目集聚能力提供借鉴。

The key to rural revitalization depends on people. A wave of immigrant entrepreneurship and related research is emerging. However, scholars have not fully explored the drivers and mechanisms of immigrant entrepreneurship in the context of family structure. Indeed, the unique drivers and development dilemmas of immigrant entrepreneurship in China deserve further exploration.Family backgrounds profoundly impact individual perceptions, preferences, and behavioral choices,shaping individuals’ attitudes towards entrepreneurship and affecting entrepreneurs’ specific decisions as providers of tangible and intangible resources. In addition, studying the influencing factors of entrepreneurial flow is of great significance for enterprises to enhance their development potential and for regions to explore the development path suitable for returning home to start a business.From the perspective of intra-household socialization characteristics and family capital, combined with the characteristics of entrepreneurs at individual and enterprise levels, this paper constructs a research model of family size, immigrant entrepreneurship, and economic distance choice of location.The study is based on the “Thousand Village Survey” launched by Shanghai University of Finance and Economics in 2016 and the 2016 China Urban Statistical Yearbook to test the hypotheses. The results show that:(1) The larger the entrepreneur’s original family, the more likely they will start a business in a different location.(2) They tend to go to a region with more significant economic differences.(3) The positive effect between family size and immigrant entrepreneurship is stronger when the entrepreneur has higher human capital and the business belongs to the tertiary industry, and human capital also amplifies the impact of family size on the economic development gap.The theoretical contributions are that:(1) By correlating family science with immigrant entrepreneurship, it highlights the profound impact of family size on individual entrepreneurial choices.(2) It expands the literature on immigrant entrepreneurship and delves into the drivers of immigrant entrepreneurship and its flow at the micro level.(3) Combined with the perspectives of individual characteristics and industrial contexts, it expands the boundary conditions between family size and immigrant entrepreneurship.The practical contributions are that:(1) It reveals the flow of rural entrepreneurship in China and the current situation of inter-regional rural industrial development, which helps regions combine their own advantages, grasp industrial development trends, formulate differentiated “talent-grabbing”strategies, and also highlights the role of school-family-society co-education and improving the innovation and entrepreneurship system in stimulating immigrant entrepreneurial vitality.(2) It emphasizes the importance of cultivating multi-level and high-quality rural entrepreneurial talents.(3) It provides valuable insights for the government to strategically deploy potential talent mobilization regions, accelerate industrial integration and build a new pattern of rural industrial development during the COVID-19 pandemic period.