HATO-AP复合物点火燃烧特性

Ignition and Combustion Characteristics of HATO-AP Composite

采用干混法和溶剂-非溶剂重结晶法分别制备了1,1’-二羟基-5,5’-联四唑二羟胺盐(HATO)和高氯酸铵(AP)的混合物和复合物,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和国军标方法分析了HATO、AP、HATO+AP混合物以及HATO-AP复合物的微观形貌和机械感度,并试验对比了它们的点火和燃烧压力特性,结合热重-质谱(TG-MS)分析结果讨论了HATO-AP复合物的反应特性。结果表明,HATO-AP复合物中可能存在HATO和AP共晶、混晶或者相互包覆的情况,使其机械感度相比HATO+AP混合物大幅降低。HATO的燃烧压力峰值和压力上升速率均远高于AP,而HATO-AP复合物能够消除AP的不利影响,使其燃烧压力峰值比HATO提高17.3%。由于HATO-AP复合物实现了2种材料在更小的微观尺度上良好接触,复合物中HATO与AP两分子趋向于直接反应,反应过程中N元素可能直接通过反应生成NH3、HCN、NO或者其它NOx,而反应过程不再有N2生成,复合物反应历程的改变可能导致其具有不同的燃烧压力特性。

The mixture and composite of dihydroxylammonium-5,5’-bistetrazole-1,1’-diolate(HATO) and ammonium perchlorate(AP) were prepared by dry-mixing and solvent-nonsolvent recrystallization, respectively. The microstructure and mechanical sensitivity of HATO, AP, HATO+AP mixture and HATO-AP composite were analyzed by scanning electron microscope(SEM) and military standard methods, and the ignition and combustion pressure characteristics of four materials mentioned above were also compared experimentally. In addition, the reaction characteristics of HATO-AP composite was discussed based on the thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry(TG-MS) results. Results show that HATO and AP may be cocrystal, crystal mixed or coated with each other in HATO-AP composite, which makes the mechanical sensitivity of HATO-AP composite significantly lower than that of HATO+AP mixture. The peak of combustion pressure and pressurization rate of HATO are much higher than that of AP. The HATO-AP composite can eliminate the adverse effects of AP in combustion property, and increase the peak of combustion pressure by 17.3% compared with raw. Because of the intimate contact between HATO and AP on a smaller microscopic scale in the composite, this allows these two molecules to react directly. The N element may directly react to form NH3, HCN, NO or other NOxinstead of N2in the reaction process. The changes in reaction mechanism may make a difference on combustion pressure characteristics of HATO-AP composite.