GAP的合成与化学改性研究进展

Progress in the Synthesis and Chemical Modification of Glycidyl Azide Polymer

聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)的燃烧热高、燃烧温度低、热稳定性好、燃气洁净以及与氧化剂相容性好,是传统惰性黏合剂端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)的有利替代品之一,在高能推进剂配方中广泛使用,但其分子链中存在大体积极性叠氮侧基,阻碍了分子链的运动,降低了主链的柔韧性,导致其力学性能尤其是低温力学性能较差。化学改性可以较好地调节GAP的性能,引起了国内外含能材料研究者们广泛关注。本文详细阐述了一步法、两步法GAP的合成工艺;论述了各种GAP的化学改性方法,阐明了不同结构与性能的关系,分析了存在的问题和不足,展望了未来开发可控易行、绿色环保的高分子量GAP合成策略、性能研究方法以及在高能热塑性弹性体方面的应用前景。

Glycidyl azide polymer(GAP) has been considered as excellent energetic binder or plasticizer in high energetic solid propellants because of its high heat of combustion, low burning temperature, good thermal stability, clear exhaust and good compatibility with oxidizers. However, the presence of bulky, polar azide side group and reduced backbone flexibility, causing poor mechanical properties, especially the inferior low-temperature mechanical properties. Owing to chemical modification could better regulate the performance of GAP, it has attracted extensive attention. This paper illustrates the synthetic methods and processes of GAP, such as direct and indirect methods;summarizes various chemical modification methods of GAP and clarifies the relationship between the structures and properties of the GAP-based copolymers. At last, the future development of controllable, facile and green synthesis strategies for high molecular weight GAP, performance research methods and application prospects in high energy thermoplastic elastomers are described and discussed.