基于园记文献的明清徽州私家园林流变研究

Research on the Transformation of Huizhou Private Gardens in Ming and Qing Dynasties Based on Garden Literatures

聚焦明清古徽州私家园林,结合方志与文集,以时间为线索,对各阶段园林的数量与分布、园主身份与造园审美进行细致梳理和阐述,以揭示明清古徽州私家园林发展流变的全过程。基于此,共检索获得90座明清私家园林,将其归于4个发展阶段:永乐至正德年间的整装待发、嘉靖至明末的成熟鼎盛、明季清初的顿挫沉寂、清道光前的复兴回归;并在此基础上归纳出3点流变特征:园林分布与社会经济文化发展的时空同步性,儒、贾并重的园主身份和以村居为主流的园林类型。

Focusing on the ancient Huizhou private gardens in Ming and Qing Dynasties,combining local Chronicles and anthology,and taking time as a clue,this paper carefully sorted out and elaborated the number and distribution of gardens in each period,the identity of garden owners and the aesthetics of garden making,so as to reveal the whole process of the development and evolution of ancient private gardens in Huizhou in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Based on this,a total of 90 private gardens were retrieved in this paper,which were classified into four stages of development:the period of full development from Yongle to Zhengde,the period of maturity and prosperity from Jiajing to late Ming Dynasty,the period of pause and silence from the end of Ming Dynasty to the beginning of Qing Dynasty,and the period of revival and return before Daoguang in Qing Dynasty.On this basis,three changes are analyzed:the spatialtemporal synchronicity of garden distribution with the development of social economy and culture,the identity of garden master with equal emphasis on scholars and merchants,and the garden type with village residence as the mainstream.