海洋生态在线监测技术研究进展

Advances in marine ecological on-line monitoring technology

在人类活动和气候变化的双重压力下,当前我国各类生态灾害多发、典型生态系统普遍退化、海洋生物资源持续衰退,海洋生态安全形势不容乐观,海洋生态监测工作面临迫切需求。现有的传统监测技术和手段频率低、数据量小、趋势分析难,难以满足当前生态监测的需求。海洋生态在线监测技术具有实时性、连续性的特点,可以实现全时段、全天候、不间断地获取海洋环境监测数据,及时准确掌握环境质量的变化,具有传统监测手段无法比拟的优势。本文从综合性在线观监测系统、监测平台手段、在线监测传感器/分析仪器不同层次,深入分析了国内外生态在线监测技术发展现状,探讨了我国在海洋生态监测领域存在的问题,并提出了相应的发展建议,推进我国生态监测业务化工作的开展。

Under the dual pressures of anthropogenic activities and climate changes,various ecological disasters degrading generally typical ecosystems of marine living resources occur frequently in China.The situation of marine ecological security is facing with challenges of urgent requirement of marine ecological monitoring as the existing traditional monitoring techniques having disadvantages of low frequency monitoring,limit data storage and inability of trend analysis hardly meeting the needs of ecological monitoring.Marine ecological on-line monitoring technology has the characteristics of real-time,all weather and continuity of data obtaining during the monitoring performance.Thus,it can follow the information changes of environmental quality timely and accurately.It has incomparable advantages over traditional monitoring methods.In this paper,different levels of comprehensive on-line monitoring system,monitoring platform and on-line monitoring sensors/analytical instruments,the status of ecological on-line monitoring technology home and abroad are fully analyzed.At last,the problems of marine ecological monitoring in China are discussed and the corresponding development suggestions are put forward for the development of ecological monitoring in China.