从国家到国际:国际关系中“国家韧性”的研究视域

From“National”to“International”:Perspectives on“National Resilience”in International Relations

“韧性”是风险社会中的重要概念,是不确定环境中主体所应具有的适应性、回应性等能力。在借鉴其他学科理论资源的基础上,“国家韧性”成为政治学中探讨国家在风险中特定能力的话语。然而,目前对于国家韧性的讨论多以国家内部的制度体系为主体,一定程度上忽视了国际关系中作为整体性存在的国家。审视国际关系中的国家韧性,必须立足于系统思维,在“纵”与“横”的国际关系不同层次和不同领域中探寻国家的生存与发展之道。从纵向角度看,国家韧性以国家为原点、地缘为延伸,具体表现为从边境到全球风险环境中的国家韧性结构;从横向角度看,将国家韧性放到竞合关系中,分析在国际竞争—合作的不同领域中国家韧性如何彰显。总体来说,国家韧性是大变局时代国家在复杂国际环境中统筹发展与安全的重要能力。

“Resilience” is an important concept in a risk society, which refers to the ability that subjects should have to cope with setbacks and take responsibilities in an uncertain environment. On the basis of drawing on the theoretical resources of other disciplines, “national resilience” has become a discourse in political science to discuss a country’s specific capabilities to respond to risks. However, the current discussion on national resilience mostly focuses on the internal institutional system of the country, which to some extent ignores the country as a whole in international relations. To examine the resilience of countries in international relations, we must ground ourselves on systematic thinking, and explore the way of national survival and development in different levels and fields of “vertical” and “horizontal” international relations. From a vertical perspective, national resilience, based on the country and its geographical features, is specifically manifested as the structure from the border to the global risk environment. From a horizontal perspective, how national resilience works in the fields of international competition and cooperation is analyzed under the competition and cooperation relationship. In general, national resilience is an important ability of a country to coordinate development and security in a complex international environment in the era of major changes.