微喷灌施肥对三七土壤氮素运移转化试验研究

Experimental study on soil nitrogen transport and transformation of Panax notoginseng under micro-sprinkling irrigation fertilization

为探明微喷灌施肥对三七土壤氮素运移转化影响,2017—2020年在泸西县大栗树村三七种植基地设置3个灌水水平0.4FC(W1),0.6FC(W2),0.8FC(W3),4个施肥水平3.20(F1),4.80(F2),6.20(F3)和120.00 kg/ha(F4),CK为对照,共13个处理.研究微喷灌施肥条件下不同灌水及施肥对三七土壤全氮、硝态氮和铵态氮运移转化影响.结果表明:不同灌水施肥全氮质量比随时间增加先增大后减小,硝态氮质量比随时间增加先减小后增大,铵态氮质量比随时间增加逐渐减小,8月W2F3全氮质量比最大,9月W2F4硝态氮质量比最大,6月W2F4铵态氮质量比最大.全氮和铵态氮质量比随土层深度增加逐渐减小,硝态氮质量比随土层深度增加先减小后增大,全氮、硝态氮和铵态氮聚集在土层0~10 cm, W2F3土壤全氮和硝态氮质量比最大,W2F4铵态氮质量比最大.灌水量与硝态氮和铵态氮相关性具有统计学意义(P<0.01),与全氮呈负相关且相关性具有统计学意义(P<0.05),施肥量与硝态氮呈正相关且相关性具有统计学意义(P<0.01),与铵态氮相关性具有统计学意义(P<0.05).该研究明确灌溉施肥可调控酸性红壤土三七氮素运移转化特性,改善农田微生态环境,提高水氮利用效率,为有效防治病虫害提供技术支持和理论依据.

To investigate the effect of micro-sprinkler irrigation fertilization on soil nitrogen transport and transformation of Panax notoginseng, three irrigation levels of 0.4 FC(W1), 0.6 FC(W2) and 0.8 FC(W3) and four fertilization levels of 3.20(F1), 4.80(F2), 6.20(F3) and 120.00 kg/ha(F4) were set up at the Panax notoginseng cultivation base in Dalishu Village, Luxi County from 2017 to 2020, with CK as control, for a total of 13 treatments. The study was conducted to investigate the effect of different irrigation fertilization conditions on the transport and transformation of total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in Panax notoginseng soils under micro sprinkler irrigation. The results show that the soil total nitrogen content increases and then decreases with time, the nitrate nitrogen content decreases and then increases with time, and the ammonium nitrogen content gradually decreases with time under different irrigation fertilization conditions. Total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content gradually decrease with increasing soil depth, while nitrate nitrogen content first decreases and then increases with increasing soil depth, with total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen tending to accumulate in the soil layer 0-10 cm, with W2F3 soil having the highest total nitrogen content, W2F3 soil having the highest nitrate nitrogen content and W2F4 having the highest ammonium nitrogen content. The amount of irrigation water is highly significantly correlated with soil nitrate nitrogen and soil ammonium nitrogen(P<0.01) and negatively correlated with soil total nitrogen(P<0.05), while the amount of fertilizer applied is positively correlated with soil nitrate nitrogen and highly significantly correlated with soil ammonium nitrogen(P<0.01) and significantly correlated with soil ammonium nitrogen(P<0.05). This study aims to clarify the characteristics of irrigation fertilization in regulating nitrogen transport and transformation of Panax notoginseng in acidic red loam soils, improve the micro-ecological environment of farmland, enhance water and nitrogen use efficiency, and provide technical support and theoretical basis for effective pest and disease control.