道德非认知主义与鉴别难题

Non-cognitivism and Specification Problem

道德非认知主义是对道德判断进行语言与心理分析的一条重要的研究进路,主张一些道德语句表达情绪或态度,不承担表征功能。该进路的优势是本体论上简洁,能够解释道德判断与动机之间为何有着密切联系;面临的难题是道德非认知性状态如何区别于其他非认知性状态。改装版的道德孪生地球思想实验揭示了琐碎的非认知性状态会导致过度鉴别;优于认知主义的本体论简洁只是表面上的,引入随附性概念仍难以挽救。

Moral non-cognitivism is an important approach to linguistic and psychological analysis of moral judgments.It claims that some moral sentences express emotions or attitudes without assuming representational functions.The advantage of this approach is ontologically concise and can explain the close connection between moral judgement and motivation.The challenge is how moral non-cognitive states differ from other non-cognitive states.The modified version of the Moral Twin Earth thought experiment reveals that trivial non-cognitive states will lead to over-Specification.The ontological simplicity that it is better than cognitivism is only superficial,still difficult to save it,even with the helping of the supervenience.