随迁祖辈的二孩照料意愿及其影响因素——基于孙代照料观念和一孩照料体验的分析

Migrant Grandparents′ Willingness to Take Care of Second-grandchild and Its Influence Factors: Analysis Based on Grandchildren Care Concept and First-grandchild Care Experience

通过对厦门地区照料孙代型随迁祖辈的抽样调查和统计分析发现,随迁祖辈对参与孙代照料的认知观念包括积极认同态度、工具理性态度和消极被动态度;该群体在照料孙代过程中既有正向的主观体验感,也有负向的主观体验感;且一孩照料者的二孩照料意愿总体较高。以认知-情绪-行为关系理论为参考框架的分析结果表明,随迁祖辈对照料孙代的观念态度不仅直接影响他们的二孩照料意愿,也会通过影响其照料孙代过程的主观体验感而间接影响二孩照料意愿。尽管认知观念属于相对稳定的思维模式,难以在短时间调整或转变,但是在控制观念态度的情况下,可以通过增强随迁祖辈文化修养、保障其身体健康、鼓励伴侣共同随迁或减少因老来分居而带来的不良影响、改善祖辈与子代家庭的代际沟通关系,拓展在迁入地的社交支持网等方式来增加其照料孙代的正向体验感或减少负向体验感,促进随迁祖辈向子代家庭提供孙代照料支持之红利效应的持续发挥。

Sampling surveys and statistical analysis of the immigrant grandparents caring for grandchildren in Xiamen reveal that the perceptions of the immigrant grandparents caring for grandchildren included positive identification, instrumental rationality, and negative passivity.In the process of caring for grandchildren, this group shows both positive and negative subjective experiences.Those who have cared for the first grandchild generally show a greater willingness to care for the second grandchild.Using the cognition-emotion-behavior relationship theory as a frame of reference, the analysis results show that the perceptions of immigrant grandparents in the process of caring for grandchildren not only directly influence their willingness to care for the second grandchild,but also indirectly influence their willingness to care for the second grandchild by influencing their subjective experience in the process of caring for their grandchildren. Perceptions are usually relatively fixed thought patterns that are difficult to adjust or change in a short time. Nevertheless,while maintaining perceptions,measures,such as improving the cultural achievements of immigrant grandparents,safeguarding their physical health,encouraging their spouses to follow them,reducing undesirable influences for separation in old age,improving intergenerational relationships between grandparents and grandchildren,and expanding their socialization network in the target areas,can be taken to increase their positive experiences and reduce their negative experiences in caring for grandchildren and promote the lasting positive effect that immigrant grandparents bring to their children ’s families through the care for grandchildren.