中国家庭结构变化及其政策意涵——对“人口规模巨大的现代化”的思考

The Changes of China Family Structure and Its Policy Implications——Thoughts on the “Modernization of a Huge Population”

中国式现代化既是超过14亿人的人口规模巨大的现代化,也是接近5亿家庭户的家庭总量巨大的现代化。基于历次普查数据资料的分析发现,我国家庭变化已经显现出家庭规模结构小型化、家庭代数结构扁平化、家庭类型结构核心化和家庭户老化及老化速度超过人口老龄化速度等突出特点。研究认为,家庭结构变化既受到人口、经济和社会等多方面因素的综合影响,也反过来直接影响家庭关系与家庭功能并间接影响人口、经济和社会发展。建议国家出台旨在支持家庭建设的系统化和协同化的社会政策,促进家庭结构完整、改善家庭代内代际关系和增强家庭的生育、养育及教育功能和赡养老人功能,通过助力“家庭总量巨大的现代化”来推进“人口规模巨大的现代化”。

A Chinese path to modernization are both the modernization of a huge population which is over 1.4 billion people and the modernization of a huge number of families which is nearly 0.5 billion family households.Based on the analysis of previous census data, it is found that the family changes in China have shown the prominent characteristics of family size structure miniaturization, family generation structure flattening, family type structure change with core trends and family aging and aging rate exceeding the speed of population aging.The study believes that family structure changes are affected by a combination of factors such as population, economy and society, and in turn directly affect family relationship and family function and indirectly affect population, economic and social development.Suggested that then government introduced to support the family construction of systematicand collaborative social policy, promote the family structure integrity,improve family relations and enhance family fertility,nurturing and education function and support the elderly function,by promoting the modernization of a“huge numbers of family”to assist“the modernization of a huge population”.