边疆、民族与国族建构——20世纪40年代的旅边写生与哈萨克族人的形塑

Borderlands, Ethnic Groups and the Development of China with Multiple Ethnic Groups: Sketches by Artists Traveling to Borderlands in the 1940s and the Kazakh Ethnic Group under Their Brushes

20世纪40年代西行艺术家对边地族群的写生与表达,汇入了现代中国民族国家的建构过程。边疆题材不但是理解中国多族群的独特透镜,也是探寻美术变革、凝练民族形式的重要载体。本文考察了边地民族晚清以来的认识理路与表现脉络,聚焦西行艺术家对哈萨克族群的写生与形塑,讨论边疆题材与国族想象、民族形式探索与现代主义探寻之间的多重互动。

Sketches of ethnic groups living at borderlands by artists traveling westwards in the 1940s became an integral part of the development of modern China, a country with multiple ethnic groups. Borderland themes are not only a unique perspective for understanding the country’s multiple ethnic groups, but also an important carrier for exploring changes in art and increasing national cohesiveness. This article examines these ethnic groups’ way of understanding and expressing since the late Qing Dynasty, focuses on sketches of the Kazakh ethnic group by artists traveling westwards, and discusses multiple interactions between borderland themes and national imagination, and between the exploration of national form and that of modernism.