项目类型与基层公共服务成效——基于城乡社区调查的数据研究

Project Types and Effectiveness of Primary-Level Public Services:Data Study Based on Urban and Rural Community Survey

项目制的大规模开展,改变了城乡社区的公共服务供给方式,对基层治理影响巨大。文章采用分类比较研究的方式,具体考察项目制的实践类型,并分析不同种类项目的资源分配逻辑。通过对村/社区层面的实证数据搜集和量化分析发现,当前落地基层开展的项目可以分为基础型和发展型。这两大类项目在基层的分配逻辑不同,带来的公共服务成效也不同。基础型项目多支持落后县域的农村地区,而发展型项目倾向于发达区县的城镇地区。但是,各类项目在最基层的村/社区层面都存在分配精准度不高的问题,条件好的村/社区全面占优。文章的发现有助于深入理解项目对基层公共服务供给的影响,揭示项目制在财政资源分配中的成效及其需要改进的问题。

The large-scale development of the project system has changed the supply mode of public services in urban and rural communities, and has had a great impact on primary-level governance. This paper adopts the perspective of classified research to investigate the practical types of the project system, and analyzes the resource allocation logic of different types of projects. Through the empirical data collection and quantitative analysis at the village and community level, this study found that the current projects carried out at the primary level can be divided into the basic and developmental types. The distribution logic of these two types of projects at the primary level is different, and the effectiveness of public services are also different. Most basic projects support rural areas in less developed counties, while developmental projects tend to be in urban areas in developed counties. However, the distribution accuracy of various projects at the village and community level is insufficient, and the villages and communities with good conditions are in full advantage. The findings of this study contribute to an in-depth understanding of the impact of the project system on the supply of primary-level public services, and reveal the effectiveness of different projects in the allocation of financial resources and the problems that need to be addressed.