胶轮路轨车辆车外噪声预测研究

Prediction of Exterior Noise of Railway Vehicles with Rubber Tires

在城市中胶轮路轨车辆使用充气轮胎在混凝土轨道上行驶,具有噪声污染低的优点。橡胶轮车辆车外噪声的主要来源为轮胎与路面噪声、轮胎激励车体振动辐射噪声和设备噪声。参考ISO 20908转鼓法轮胎噪声测试标准,使用声阵列在实验室中对轨道车辆单条轮胎噪声进行测试,并通过公式将其转化至7.5 m处多轮胎的通过噪声。通过仿真计算得到7.5 m处车辆的振动辐射噪声。建立胶轮路轨车辆噪声源计算模型,通过叠加计算得到7.5 m处完整编组车辆的通过噪声源强值。通过线路不同位置处车外噪声实验,得到胶轮车辆辐射噪声几何发散衰减拟合曲线和公式。根据胶轮路轨车辆车外噪声预测模式,预测出不同噪声敏感点位置的声压级,并进行试验验证和误差分析,误差小于2 dB。

Rubber inflation tire railway vehicles driving on concrete tracks in cities have the advantage of low noise pollution. The main external noise of rubber tire railway vehicles is from contact and friction between tire and road, vehicle vibration radiation noise excited by tire and equipment noise. Referring to ISO 20908 drum method tire noise test standard,the sound array is used to test the noise of single tire of rail vehicle in the laboratory, which is then transformed to the passing noise of multi-tire at 7.5 m distance from the tire through the formula. The vibration radiation noise of the vehicle at7.5 m distance is obtained through simulation calculation. Then, the noise source calculation model of the rubber tire railway vehicles is established, and the passing noise of complete marshalling vehicles at 7.5 m distance is obtained through superposition calculation. The fitting curve of geometric divergence attenuation of the rubber tire vehicles is obtained through the external noise experiments at different positions of the line. According to the external noise prediction mode of the rubber inflation tire railway vehicles, the sound pressure levels at different positions are predicted, and the experimental verification and deviation analysis are carried out. The deviation is less than 2 dB.