煤矿隐蔽致灾因素地震勘探现状与发展方向

Present situation and development direction of seismic exploration technology for hidden disaster-causing factors in coal mine

地震勘探在我国煤炭工业中的应用已有60多年历史。简要回顾了煤炭地震勘探在煤矿隐蔽致灾因素勘探的应用效果,如地震法探查断层、陷落柱、煤层厚度、煤层顶板与底板突水灾害、煤与瓦斯突出灾害、采空区、废弃巷道、岩浆岩倾侵入区、河床冲刷煤层变薄带等;系统分析了煤矿采区采前勘探前沿地震技术的攻关进展。在综合分析我国煤炭地震勘探所面临挑战的基础上,提出了强化地震岩石物理分析方法研究、优化煤矿采区高密度三维地震勘探技术等未来几年我国煤炭地震勘探技术10个方面的发展方向,以大幅提高地震勘探在探查煤矿隐蔽致灾因素方面的能力。

Seismic exploration technology has been applied in China’s coal energy industry for more than 60 years. The application effect of coal seismic exploration technology in hidden disaster-causing factors exploration is reviewed, including the application effects of seismic exploration technology in fault, collapse column, coal seam thickness, water inrush disaster from coal seam roof and floor, coal and gas outburst disaster, goaf, abandoned roadway, magmatic rock intrusion zone, coal seam riverbed-washing thinning zone, the development of advanced seismic technology for pre-mining exploration in coal mining areas is systematically analyzed. In order to greatly improve the ability of seismic exploration to detect hidden disaster-causing factors in coal mines, ten development directions of China’s coal seismic exploration technology in the next few years are put forward based on the comprehensive analysis of the challenges faced by China’s coal seismic exploration, such as strengthening the research of seismic petrophysical analysis methods, optimizing the high-density three-dimensional seismic exploration technology in coal mining areas, so as to sharply inprove the capacity of seismic exploration in detecting the hidden disaster-causing factors in coal mine.