肾活检239例患者的临床和病理特征分析

Clinical and pathological characteristics of 239 patients with renal biopsy

目的分析239例肾活检患者的临床和病理特征。方法抽取2017年1月至2021年12月安阳地区医院收治的239例行肾活检的患者作为研究对象,收集患者年龄、性别、病理类型,进行统计分析。结果肾活检患者数量呈逐年增加趋势,2021年患者数量最多(59/239,24.69%),其次为2020年(53/239,22.18%)、2019年(48/239,20.08%)、2018年(48/239,20.08%)、2017年(31/239,12.97%)。肾活检患者以45~59岁者为主(93/239,38.91%),其次为19~44岁(79/239,33.05%)、≥60岁(59/239,24.69%)、12~18岁(7/239,2.93%)及≤11岁(1/239,0.42%)者,且男性患者占比(130/239,54.39%)高于女性患者(109/239,45.61%)。肾活检结果显示,病理类型以特发性膜性肾病(IMN)为主,其次为IgA肾病、微小病变型肾病(MCD);IMN分期以Ⅰ期为主,其次为Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅱ~Ⅲ期、Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期。结论肾脏疾病临床发病率逐年增高,以男性和中年患者为主,病理类型主要为IMN、IgA肾病、MCD,且IMN分期主要为Ⅰ期,肾脏疾病表现复杂,临床对病因不明的肾脏病患者应及时进行肾活检,确保科学诊疗。

Objective To analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics of 239 patients with renal biopsy.Methods A total of 239 patients who underwent renal biopsy in the Anyang District Hospital of Puyang from January 2017 to December 2021 were selected as the research subjects.The age,gender,pathological type and stage of these patients were collected for statistical analysis.Results The number of renal biopsy patients showed an increasing trend year by year.From 2017 to 2021,the number of patients in 2021(59/239,24.69%)was the largest,followed by in the year 2020(53/239,22.18%),2019(48/239,20.08%),2018(48/239,20.08%),and 2017(31/239,12.97%).The age group of renal biopsy patients was mainly 45-59 years old(93/239,38.91%),followed by 19-44 years old(79/239,33.05%),≥60 years old(59/239,24.69%),12-18 years old(7/239,2.93%),≤11 years old(1/239,0.42%).And the proportion of male patients(130/239,54.39%)was higher proportion of female patients(109/239,45.61%).Results of renal biopsy showed that the pathological type was mainly idiopathic membranous nephropathy(IMN),followed by IgA nephropathy and minimal-change disease(MCD);IMN stage mainly was stage I,followed by stage I-II,stage II,stage II-III,stage III and stage IV.Conclusions The clinical incidence of renal disease is increasing year by year,mainly in male and middle-aged patients.The main pathological types are IMN,IgA nephropathy,and MCD,moreover,the IMN stage is mainly stage I.The manifestations of renal disease are complex.In clinical,renal biopsy should be performed in time for patients with renal disease of unknown etiology to ensure scientific diagnosis and treatment.