上古汉语代词“之”的间接回指

Indirect anaphora of the pronounzhi(之)in Archaic Chinese

文章结合普通语言学相关研究,讨论上古汉语代词“之”的间接回指现象。文章把间接回指的触发语分为事件型触发语和事物型触发语两类,具体讨论了“之”用作间接回指的各种表现及其机制。“之”的间接回指与上古汉语多方面语言性质相关:词汇意义的综合性为间接回指提供了合适的触发语;无标记名词形式表达不定指的特点,使“之”有条件从词内意义中获取实体指称;“之”本身的句法语义性质也为间接回指提供了条件。上古汉语“之”的间接回指现象反映出“之”在向第三人称代词转化的过程中有较高的语法化程度。

Combining with related discussions in literature of general linguistics,this paper investigates the indirect anaphora of the pronoun zhi(之)in Archaic Chinese.It categorizes indirect anaphora into two types:those with event-type triggers and those with object-type triggers,and discusses the various uses and referential mechanisms in details.The indirect anaphora of zhi was facilitated by various linguistic features of Archaic Chinese.Firstly,the synthesis of word meanings in Archaic Chinese provided appropriate triggers.Secondly,unmarked nouns can be referential,which makes it possible for zhi to find its referent from the inner meaning of certain words.Thirdly,the syntactic and semantic features of zhi also provided necessary conditions for indirect anaphora.Such indirect anaphora of zhi reflects its high degree of grammaticalization during the development from a demonstrative to a third-person pronoun.