基于语料库的中国日语学习者机能辞习得状况研究

A Corpus-based Study on Chinese Japanese Learners’Acquisition of Grammatical Particles

本文运用现代日语书面语均衡语料库及中国日语学习者语料库,将中介语研究与偏误分析相结合,多角度考察中国日语学习者对机能辞的习得和使用情况。对比不同级别的学习者语料可知,学习者使用机能辞的种类与学习时长成正比。这体现了其语言能力尤其是书面语写作能力的提高,与日语母语使用者相比,学习者对机能辞的使用更加频繁。偏误分析则显示,学习者常将经语法化形成的机能辞视作单纯的词汇组合,而忽略其构成要素在发生脱范畴化后出现的助词脱落、丧失语法范畴等现象。部分学习者对其接续条件掌握不佳,使用的先行词汇、结构与日语母语使用者差异显著,未能准确掌握机能辞在后续表达的内容、褒贬,以及语气等方面的特定模式。这些结论将有助于我们针对学习者特点,改革教学内容,改进教学方法,改善教学效果。

This paper combines the study of mediation language with error analysis to investigate the acquisition and use of functional words by Chinese Japanese learners from multiple perspectives through using modern Japanese written language equilibrium corpus and the Chinese Japanese learner corpus.Comparing the corpus of learners at different levels,it can be seen that the types of functional words used by learners are directly proportional to the learning time.This reflects the improvement of their language abilities,especially the writing ability.Learners use grammatical particles more frequently than native speakers.Error analysis shows that learners tend to regard grammatical particles formed through grammaticalization as phrases,ignoring the phenomenon that some elements may lose particles or grammatical categories after decategorization.And some learners have poor knowledge on their connection conditions,and there are significant differences between learners and native speakers in the use of antecedents and structures.Some learners fail to accurately master the specific patterns in the content,emotion,and modality of the subsequent expressions,resulting in a large number of errors.The research results are helpful in changing teaching content,improving teaching method and perfecting teaching effect on account of the learners’characteristics.