试论翻译与创作之关联——以双重身份的文豪译者鲁迅和森鸥外为例

A Study on the Relation between Translation and Creation——Take the Dual-identity Literary Translators Lu Xun and Mori Ogai as Examples

作为中日近代文坛中的两大文豪,鲁迅和森鸥外不仅在创作领域著述颇多,在翻译领域也成就斐然。虽然相似的社会背景和人生经历使得两人在创作思想上表现出诸多共通之处,但不同的翻译实践却又体现出两人截然相反的翻译理念。研究发现,两人在文学创作和翻译生涯上的异同点,从一定程度上可以反映出创作与翻译的关联——鲁迅坚持“忠实性”的翻译理念,强调淡化译者存在,认为翻译与创作并重;而森鸥外则坚持“创作性”的翻译理念,注重发挥译者主体性,认为翻译与创作对等。两位文豪译者的双重身份及他们对于翻译与创作关系的不同认知也促成了与之对应的两种“消化体系”,区分了读者与译者是否同步消化吸收原作的“文化营养”。两人从创作出发的“选择性翻译”和从翻译出发的“延续性书写”,揭示了文学创作与翻译活动相辅相成、相互补充的关联作用,对于今后的研究大有裨益。

Lu Xun and Mori Ogai,as two great writers in modern Chinese and Japanese literary circles,not only wrote prolifically in the field of creation,but also made great achievements in the field of translation.Similar social background and life experience make them have a lot in common in their creative thoughts,but their different translation practice shows their completely opposite translation ideas.It is found that the similarities and differences between Lu Xun and Mori Ogai in their literary creation and translation career to some extent reflect the correlation between translation and creation.Lu Xun insists on the translation concept of“faithfulness”,emphasizes the existence of translator,and thinks that translation and creation should be paid equal attention to.On the other hand,Mori Ogai insists on the translation concept of“creativity”,pays attention to the translator’s subjectivity,and thinks that translation and creation are identical.The dual identity of the literary giant translator also forms two corresponding“digestion systems”,which decide whether readers and translators can absorb the“cultural nutrition”of the original work synchronously or not.In short,their“selective translation”from the perspective of creation and“continuity writing”from the perspective of translation revealed that literary creation and translation activities complement each other,which is of great benefit to future research.