多孔硅的制备机理及其作为锂电池负极材料的研究进展

Preparation Mechanism of Porous Silicon and Its Research Progress as Cathode Material for Lithium Battery

因多孔硅具有独特的孔状纳米结构,可控的物理化学特性,巨大的内比表面积,使其在能源存储与转换、药物载体、催化等领域具有巨大应用前景。尤其是在锂电池领域使用多孔硅作为负极材料以来,由于其丰富的孔状结构能有效适应充放电过程中硅体积膨胀并缓解内部应力以防止颗粒粉化,还能给锂离子的嵌入脱出提供通道,因而引起研究者们的广泛兴趣。虽然已经有众多的多孔硅制备方法被报道,但是探索一种简单快速、成本低廉、绿色环保工艺制备出结构可控的多孔硅纳米材料仍然是一个巨大的挑战。基于课题组近年来的研究进展和相关文献,归纳了关于多孔硅纳米材料的制备方法和基本反应机理,及其在高能锂电池领域负极材料的应用,并进一步展望了多孔硅纳米材料的未来发展方向。

Porous silicon exhibits great application prospects in energy storage and conversion,drug carrier,catalysis and other fields due to its unique porous nanostructure,controllable chemical properties and huge specific surface.Especially since porous silicon has been used as cathode material in the field of lithium ion batteries,researchers are interested in it due to its rich porous structure which can effectively adapt to the volume expansion of silicon during the charging and discharging processes,relieve the internal stress to prevent particle powdering and provide channels for the transmission of lithium ion.So far,many methods of preparing porous silicon have been reported,but it is still a great challenge to explore a simple,rapid,low-cost and green approach to prepare porous silicon nanomaterials with controllable structure.Based on the recent research of our group and relevant literatures in recent years,the preparation methods and basic reaction mechanism of porous silicon nanomaterials,as well as the application of porous silicon nanomaterials in the field of high energy lithium battery are summarized,and the future development of porous silicon nanomaterials is also elaborated.