丘陵缓坡山地‘金果’猕猴桃耗水规律研究

Study on Water Consumption Regularity of‘Jinguo’Kiwifruit in Hills and Gentle Slopes

以五年生‘金果’猕猴桃为试材,采用智能Insentek测定土壤墒值,分析果园气象与物候期相关性,与产量构建水分生产函数,探明丘陵缓坡山地猕猴桃不同物候期水分动态循环及植株耗水规律,以期为果园精准节水灌溉管理提供参考依据。结果表明:‘金果’猕猴桃全物候期为211d,试验年降雨量属于丰年,物候期中果实膨大期最长,其降雨量达1214.89mm,且有效降雨量占总量的73.68%;果园土壤10~30cm含水量变化幅度较大,土层越深土壤含水量越高,晴天白天土壤含水量高于夜间,呈现阶梯状下降趋势;物候期ET峰值出现在5月,日耗水量达43.11mm,日耗水量高水平持续到果实膨大后期,且该时期需水模数最高为0.74;参考作物腾发量物候期呈先升高后下降趋势,峰值出现在7—8月,作物系数物候期内呈先减小后增大趋势,且值均大于1;猕猴桃产量与耗水量拟合方程优度大于临界值,可作为水分生产函数使用,且随耗水量增大产量呈先增加后减少趋势。猕猴桃果实膨大期持续时间长、耗水量大,虽降雨总量占年降雨总量比率高,但出现了季节性干旱胁迫,是猕猴桃高产灌溉补水的关键时期。

Five-year-old‘Jinguo’kiwifruit was used as test material.The soil moisture was measured by intelligent Insentek,and the correlation between orchard meteorology and phenological period was analyzed.The water production function was constructed to explore the water dynamic cycle and water consumption regulation of kiwifruit in different phenological periods in hilly and gentle slopes,in order to provide reference for accurate water-saving irrigation management in orchards.The results showed that the whole phenological period of‘Jinguo’kiwifruit was 211 days,and the precipitation in the test year was a high year.The fruit swelling period was the longest in the phenological period,and the precipitation reached 1214.89 mm,and the effective precipitation accounted for 73.68%of the total.The soil water content of 10-30 cm in orchard changed greatly.The deeper the soil layer was,the higher the soil water content was.The soil water content in sunny day was higher than that in night,showing a ladder-like downward trend.The peak value of ET appeared in May during phenophase,and the daily water consumption reached 43.11 mm.The high level of daily water consumption continued to the late stage of fruit expansion,and the highest water requirement modulus was 0.74 during this period.The phenological period of reference crop evapotranspiration increased first and then decreased,and the peak appeared from July to August.The phenological period of crop coefficient decreased first and then increased,and the values were greater than 1.The goodness of the fitting equation between kiwifruit yield and water consumption was greater than the critical value,which could be used as a water production function,and the yield increases first and then decreases with the increase of water consumption.Kiwifruit has a long duration of fruit swelling period and a large amount of water consumption.Although the total precipitation accounts for a high proportion of annual rainfall,seasonal drought stress occurs,which is a key period for high-yield irrigation and replenishment of kiwifruit.