利用栽培基质周年化立体栽培羊肚菌关键技术

Key Techniques of Annual Three-dimensional Cultivation of Morchella Using Cultivation Substrate

羊肚菌是一种喜湿、低温、好氧型真菌,适宜出菇的湿度、温度范围较窄,一般采用“冬播春收”的栽培模式,一年只能栽培一季。该研究着重针对羊肚菌品种、栽培基质、周年化生产设施建设、母种及栽培种制作、外源营养袋制作及管理、养菌期管理、出菇管理、病虫害防治等方面进行阐述,总结出一套利用栽培基质周年化立体栽培羊肚菌技术要点,突破季节、气候等环境对羊肚菌栽培的限制,提高羊肚菌生产的周期和品质。

Morchella esculenta is a kind of hygrophilic,low-temperature,aerobic fungus.The suitable humidity and temperature range for mushroom production is narrow.Generally,‘sowing in winter and harvesting in spring’cultivation mode is used and could only be cultivated once a year.This study focused on the varieties of morchella,cultivation substrate,construction of annual production facilities,preparation of mother strains and cultivated strains,production and management of exogenous nutrition bags,management during strains cultivation period,mushroom production management and pest control.A set of key technical points of annual three-dimensional cultivation of morchella was summarized by using cultivation substrate,so as to break through the restrictions of season,climate and other environments on the cultivation of morchella which can improve its production cycle and quality.