青少年体育赛事协同治理的国际经验与启示

International Experience and Enlightenment of Collaborative Governance of Youth Sports Events

青少年体育赛事是推动青少年体育活动开展、促进青少年健康成长的重要杠杆,多元主体协同共治成为我国青少年体育赛事改革的必然走向。从协同治理视角,对德国、英国、美国等发达国家青少年体育赛事的治理特征进行分析,研究认为,德国青少年体育赛事治理以一体化为重心,依托俱乐部推进各层级赛事,形成赛事资源共享机制,由多部门共育青少年体育人才;英国青少年体育赛事治理以社会化为指向,以全民赛事体验积累社会资本,以学校运动会为载体形成赛事支撑网络,集合多方力量为青少年创造积极的竞赛体验;美国青少年体育赛事治理以市场化为动力,形成有机衔接的赛事体系,根据赛事市场效益分类管理,以“赛事+旅游”形式助推赛事产业。我国青少年体育赛事的治理应该厘清治理主体的责权利关系,构建一体化治理机制,促进体教融合导向下赛事治理主体之间的协同;以学校为根本,以俱乐部为载体,夯实多方资源参与青少年体育赛事的社会基础;吸引社会资本投入,开发消费市场,建立适应中国市场经济特色的赛事运作机制。

Youth sports events are an important in promoting the development of youth sports activities and the promotion of the healthy growth of youth.The coordinated governance of multiple subjects has become the inevitable trend of the reform of youth sports events in China.From the perspective of collaborative governance,this paper analyzed the governance characteristics of youth sports events in developed countries such as Germany,Britain and the U.S,and found that German youth sports event management focused on integration,relying on the clubs to promote events at all levels,forming an event resource sharing mechanism,and jointly cultivating youth sports talents by multiple departments.British youth sports event management took socialization as the direction,accumulating social capital through national event experience,forming an event support network with school games as the carrier,and gathering various forces to create a positive competition experience for teenagers.Youth sports event management in the U.S took marketization as the driving force,forming an organically connected event system,classifieing management according to the event market benefits,and boosting the event industry in the form of“event+tourism”.Youth sports events governance in China should clarify the relationship between governance subjects about responsibility,power and interest so as to build an“integrated”governance mechanism,and promote the synergy between the event governance subjects under the guidance of the integration of sports and education.Moreover,schools were the base and clubs were crutial for various resources to participate in youth sports events.It was necessary to attract social capital investment,develop the consumer market,and establish an event operation mechanism adapting to the characteristics of China’s market economy.