发展载人航天,建设航天强国

Developing Manned Space Program Towards a Strong Space Presence

中国载人航天工程从1992年立项,经历了30年的建设,取得了辉煌的成就。中国人依靠自己的力量,按照党中央确定的“三步走”发展战略,突破了载人航天领域的关键技术,成功研制了神舟载人飞船、天宫空间实验室、天舟货运飞船,最终成功完成了天宫空间站的建造,实现了战略目标。30年来,中国载人航天确定了独立自主的发展思路,全面推进产品国产化水平,带动了国内多行业的技术进步,增强了中国的综合国力。经过研制工程实践不断改进和创新,形成了一套具有中国特色的系统工程管理的方法论。文章对中国载人航天工程的意义进行了总结、回顾了载人航天工程的研制历程,并对中国用30年时间实现工程目标的原因进行了分析和总结,最后探讨了中国载人航天未来的发展方向。

Approved in 1992,the China Manned Space(CMS)Program has been developing over 30 years and acquiring brilliant achievements.Following the three-phase developing strategy of the CPC Central Committee,China has made technological breakthroughs for manned space relying on its own strength.Having developed Shenzhou manned spacecraft,Tiangong spacelab,and Tianzhou cargo spacecraft successfully,the strategic objectives are finally realized with the completion of Tiangong space station construction.CMS has been developing independently and comprehensively improving the level of products’localization,driving the technological progress of related domestic industries and enhancing the comprehensive national strength.A set of systematic engineering management methodology with Chinese characteristics has been formed through engineering practice and innovation of CMS.This paper summarizes the achievements,reviews the development process,analyzes the reasons for achieving the engineering target over the past 30 years,and discusses the future development direction of the CMS.