我国载人航天器对接机构技术发展

Technical Development of Docking Mechanism of Manned Spacecraft in China

空间对接技术是载人航天的一项基本技术,是实现空间站建造和长期运营的先决条件。我国2011年实现了神舟八号飞船和天宫一号目标飞行器的空间对接,经改进及多次飞行应用,支持我国空间站的建设和运行,我国载人周边式对接机构产品技术成熟度和可靠性得到充分验证。文章论述了我国载人航天器对接机构在总体技术、对接动力学设计和对接试验等方面发展及应用情况,并对后续载人月球探测任务对接需求与对接方案情况进行了阐述。

Spacecraft docking mechanism technology is a basic technology of manned spacecraft and a prerequisite for the construction and long-term operation of the space station. China realized the docking of Shenzhou-8 spacecraft and Tiangong-1 target spacecraft in 2011. After improvement and multiple flight applications, it has supported the construction and operation of China Space Station, and the product maturity and reliability of China’s peripheral docking mechanism has been fully verified. The development and application of China’s manned spacecraft docking mechanism in the aspects of overall technology, docking dynamics design and docking test are described, and the docking requirements and docking schemes of China’s manned lunar exploration misson are discussed.