我国载人航天器回收着陆技术发展

Development of Recovery Landing Technology for China Manned Spacecraft

载人航天工程推动了我国载人航天器回收着陆技术的长足发展,基本形成了我国载人航天器开伞点控制、多模式程序控制、高可靠减速与高效着陆缓冲的回收着陆技术体系。文章论述了我国在载人航天工程中开发的载人航天器回收着陆技术及其应用情况。展望后续空间站运营及载人月球探测任务,建议发展大型群伞减速技术,提升大载重返回舱回收的能力;发展大载重缓冲气囊技术,提升返回舱无损着陆能力;发展大型翼伞精确定点回收技术,提升返回舱着陆精度;发展进入减速与着陆数值模拟技术,提高降落伞开伞过程和舱伞组合体动力学仿真能力;开展进入减速新手段、新方法的研究,发展充气式再入与减速技术。

The China Manned Space Program has promoted the significant development of China manned spacecraft recovery landing technology, and the technical system of recovery landing has been basically formed, including parachute opening opportunity control, multi-mode program control, highly reliable deceleration and efficient landing buffer. The manned spacecraft recovery landing technology developed in China Manned Space Program and its applications are discussed. Looking forward to the subsequent space station operation and manned lunar exploration missions, it is proposed to develop large group parachute deceleration technology to enhance the recovery capability of large-load return module recovery, large-load cushion airbag technology to enhance the non-destructive landing capability of return module, large wing parachute precise spot recovery technology to enhance the landing accuracy of return module, numerical simulation technology of entry deceleration and landing to improve the simulation capability of parachute opening process and module-parachute assembly dynamics, and new means and methods of entry deceleration to develop inflatable re-entry and deceleration technology.