海藻糖处理对花后高温胁迫弱筋小麦生选6号产量形成及品质的影响

Performance of trehalose treatment on yield formation and quality of post-flowering heatstressed weak gluten wheat Shengxuan No. 6

为明确海藻糖处理对花后高温胁迫弱筋小麦产量形成及品质的影响,试验于2020—2021年在安徽省淮南市国家农业科技园区进行,以优质弱筋小麦生选6号为供试材料,在抽穗期(T1)、开花期(T2)、花后10 d(T3)进行海藻糖处理,处理浓度为5 mmol·L^(-1)(C1)、10 mmol·L^(-1)(C2)、15 mmol·L^(-1)(C3),以喷施等量清水为对照,花后15~19 d进行高温处理。结果表明,海藻糖处理可以提高花后高温胁迫下小麦籽粒产量,以及籽粒干物质分配量和比例,海藻糖处理后营养器官干物质分配量及占比呈现下降趋势,而花前营养器官储藏的干物质向籽粒中的转运量及转运率、花后干物质积累量表现出增加的趋势。随着海藻糖处理浓度的增加籽粒淀粉含量也呈现出增加的趋势,不同处理时期C2、C3两个处理水平间无显著差异,但C3要略高于C2。海藻糖处理降低了籽粒清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白含量,但谷蛋白含量高于CK,并且海藻糖处理下籽粒谷/醇值显著高于CK。海藻糖处理降低了籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、形成时间、稳定时间及沉降值,且与CK有显著差异。在本试验研究条件下T1时期喷施C3浓度海藻糖处理的籽粒产量及品质较CK提升最大。

To determine the effect of treatment with trehalose on yield formation and quality of post-flowering heat-stressed weak gluten wheat, the experiment was conducted in 2020-2021 at the National Agricultural Science and Technology Park in Huainan, Anhui Province, with high-quality weakly glutenous wheat Shengxuan No. 6 as the test material. The experiment was carried out at heading stage(T1), flowering stage(T2) and 10 days after flowering stage(T3). Treatment concentrations of trehalose were 5 mmol·L^(-1)(C1), 10 mmol·L^(-1)(C2), and 15 mmol·L^(-1)(C3), with equal amounts of water sprayed as control, high temperature treatment was applied 15-19 d after flowering. The analysis showed that trehalose treatment increased grain yield of wheat under post-anthesis high temperature stress and improved the dry matter allocation and proportion of grains, and the dry matter allocation and proportion of nutrient organs displayed a decreasing trend after trehalose treatment, while the transport amount and rate of dry matter stored in nutrient organs before flowering to the grains and the accumulation of dry matter after flowering showed an increasing trend. With the increasing concentration of trehalose treatment the starch content of the grains also showed an increasing trend, and no significant difference was found between the two treatment levels of C2 and C3 in various treatment periods, however, the level of C3 was slightly higher than C2. Trehalose treatment reduced the content of grain albumin, globulin and gliadin protein, but the content of glutenin was higher than CK, and the glutein/gliadin value of the grains under trehalose treatment was significantly higher than CK. The trehalose-treated kernels were significantly different from CK in terms of protein content, wet gluten content, formation time, stabilization time and sedimentation value. The greatest improvement in grain yield and quality was achieved by spraying C3 concentration of trehalose at T1 period compared with CK under the study conditions of this experiment.