中国灵活就业者群体的阶层界定、结构特征与包容发展

Class Definition, Structural Characteristics and Inclusive Development of China’s Flexible Employment Groups

灵活就业者阶层是在中国社会阶层结构演变过程中形成的新兴社会群体,是中国产业结构调整、城市化演进、数字经济发展等的现实反映,诸多概念、认识问题亟待厘清。灵活就业者由个体劳动者、非全日制就业劳动者、自由职业者、新就业形态劳动者等四大类群体组成,在结构上呈现出“双圈—双层”的特征。一般来说,可将广义灵活就业者视为规模达2亿人的一个“群体”,狭义灵活就业者可规定为一个“阶层”。目前,围绕这一群体的劳动法规体系、社会保障制度、利益表达渠道、整合服务能力还较为欠缺。这种独特处境,限制了中国阶层结构弹性的发挥。灵活就业者阶层的健康发展,要以促进阶层关系“包容性发展”为基本方略,从收入分配、社会保障、政治整合、公共服务及舆论心理引导等方面寻求突破。在此基础上,深化、细化对现阶段中国社会阶层结构变迁的认识。

Flexible working class is a new social group formed during the evolution of social class structure in China. It is a realistic reflection of China’s industrial structure adjustment, urbanization evolution and digital economy development, and relevant issues about the definition and cognition need to be clarified. Flexible workers are composed of individual workers, part-time workers,freelancers and new employment types, exhibiting the structural characteristics of "Double Circle-Double Layer". Generally speaking, flexible workers in the broad sense can be regarded as a "group" of 200 million people, while those in the narrow sense can be defined as a "class". At present, the labor laws and regulations, social security system, interest expression channels and integrated service capacity concerning this group are still relatively lacking. This unique situation limits the flexibility of China’s class structure. The healthy development of the flexible working class should be based on the inclusive development of class relations, and breakthroughs could be sought in income distribution, social security, political integration, public services and psychological guidance of public opinion. On this basis, the understanding of China’s social class structure changes at the current stage will be deepened and refined.