论疫情下“义务的道德”和“愿望的道德”——基于富勒《法律的道德性》省思

"The Morality of Duty"and"The Morality of Aspiration"under the Epidemic:Reflections Based on Fuller’s The Morality of Law

“义务的道德”和“愿望的道德”是富勒在《法律的道德性》一书中提出的两个重要概念。“义务的道德”确立了社会有序运行的基本规则,“愿望的道德”是充分实现人之力量的美德。这两个概念对理解新冠肺炎疫情之下道德观念、道德与法律、权利与义务等命题深具启发意义。依据富勒的两种道德理论,可将纷繁复杂的疫情下的行为评判为疫情下“义务的道德”、违背“义务的道德”或疫情下“愿望的道德”。疫情下“义务的道德”是依法防控的基础,依法防控保障疫情下“愿望的道德”之实现。坚守好疫情下两种道德之边界既有助于依法防控,又可以避免道德绑架。

"The morality of duty"and"the morality of aspiration"are two important concepts proposed by Fuller in the book The Morality of Law."The morality of duty"establishes the basic rules for the orderly operation of society,and"the morality of aspiration"is the virtue of full realization of human power.These two concepts are of great inspiration for understanding the moral concept,morality and law,rights and duty propositions under the Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19).According to Fuller’s two morals,complex epidemic prevention and control behaviors can be judged as"the morality of duty"under the epidemic,violating"the morality of duty"under the epidemic,or"the morality of aspiration"under the epidemic."The morality of duty"under the epidemic is the basis for prevention and control in accordance with the law,and prevention and control in accordance with the law guarantees the realization of"the morality of aspiration"under the epidemic.Adhering to the boundary between the two morals under the epidemic will not only help prevent and control in accordance with the law,but also avoid moral kidnapping.