我国现行减刑制度及其适用存在的问题与解决路径

Problems in Application of Present Commutation System in China and its Solutions

我国推行的减刑制度在特殊预防和一般预防方面都发挥了积极作用,但是也存在一些问题。现行减刑制度关于改变原判刑期的规定与刑罚的基本原则不契合,“确有悔改表现”的实体条件偏低,减刑程序的启动存在主体性缺失。在现行减刑制度适用层面,分阶段多次考察罪犯悔改表现的减刑适用模式不够科学,执行标准不够统一,“可以减刑”情形被当成“应当减刑”情形不合法律规定。可以选择以下路径解决上述问题,一是在《刑法》规定的弹性刑期内,实行定刑期和不定刑期的二元化的刑期判决制度和执行模式,二是实行最后一次性减余刑期的减刑适用模式。

The commutation system in China has played an active role in special prevention and general prevention,but there are still some problems.For example,the provisions on changing the original sentence do not agree with the basic principles of punishment,the entity condition of genuine repentance is low,and the initiation of commutation procedure is lack of subjectivity.There are also some problems in the application of the commutation system.Sentence reducing by examining the repentance of criminals several times in stages is not scientific enough,the implementation standard is not uniform,and it is not legal for the situation of“can be commuted”to be taken as that of“should be commuted”.Two solutions are suggested.One is to carry out the dualization of sentence judgment and sentence execution mode of fixed term and indefinite term within the flexible term stipulated in the Criminal Law.The other is to reduce the rest of the sentence once and for all.