法国教育督导制度变迁的内在逻辑与动力机制——基于历史制度主义分析范式

The Inner Logic and Dynamic Mechanism of the Change in the French Educational Inspection System——Based on a Historical Institutionalist Analysis

法国教育督导制度历史悠久,拥有丰富的教育督导改革发展经验。两百余年间,法国教育督导制度经历了肇始与奠基、健全与分工、丰富与发展、改革与探索四个阶段的变迁。基于历史制度主义视角,制度自适应机制、政策场域稳定、体系退出成本过高使得法国教育督导制度的发展产生了强烈的路径依赖,“督导制度体系建立”“督学工作学科化”“督学督政完全分离”“教育管理体制改革”“督学督政再次融合”是其制度变迁的关键节点。同时,法国教育督导制度变迁的动力机制中,政治经济社会环境是结构性变迁的基础动力,学习效应、协调效应与适应性预期是历时性变迁的内生动力,中央督导部门与地方督导部门间基于利益追求的互动角逐是交互性变迁的直接动力。借鉴法国经验,我国应调整机构设置、提升工作权威、强化结果运用,建成“有位”“有威”“有为”的教育督导制度。

The French educational inspection system has a long history and a rich experience of reform and development.In the past two hundred years,the evolution of the French educational inspection system has gone through four stages:inception and foundation,perfection and division of labor,enrichment and development,and reform and exploration.Based on a historical institutionalist perspective,the self-adaption mechanism of the system,the stability of the policy field and the high cost of withdrawal from the system have led to a strong path dependence in the development of the French educational inspection system."The establishment of the inspection system","the disciplinarisation of inspection work","the complete separation of the inspection of study and administration","the reform of the education management system","the reintegration of inspection of study and administration",are the critical junctures of its institutional changes.At the same time,in the dynamics of change in the French educational inspection system,the political economic and social environment is the basic driving force of structural change,the learning effect,the coordination effect and the adaptability expectation are the endogenous driving force behind the diachronique change,and the interaction between the central inspection department and the local inspection department based on the pursuit of interests is the direct drive of the interactive change.Learning from the French experience,we should adjust the institutional set-up,enhance the authority of the work and strengthen the application of results,so as to build an educational inspection system that is"competent","authoritative"and"effective".