玉米顶端分生组织发育的研究进展

Research Advances in Development of SAM in Maize

玉米是世界上单产最高也是最重要的禾谷类作物之一,近几十年内对其产量需求不断增加,而提高产量需要对其生长发育过程进行调控。SAM的发育,特别是其内干细胞的发育是植物后胚胎发育阶段新生组织和器官形成和发育的基础,并且诱导特定SAM发育相关基因的表达可以影响玉米籽粒的产量。所以,对SAM发育的调节机制进行研究不仅可以进一步加深对基本的生物学过程的了解,而且对玉米产量性状的改良有重要意义。本研究在介绍了SAM的结构以及调控其发育的CLV-WUS模型的基础上,对玉米SAM发育的调控机制、影响其发育的基因和激素对其发育的影响等方面进行了综述,总结了现阶段存在的问题,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。

Maize is one of the most important cereal crops with the highest per unit area yield in the world.The demand for corn kernel yield will continue to increase in recent decades,this can be achieved by regulating the process of growth and development of maize.The development of SAM,especially its internal stem cells,is the basis for the formation and development of new tissues and organs during the post-embryonic development of plants.More importantly,expression of specific genes relate to SAM development can affect the grain yield of maize.Therefore,the study on the regulation mechanism of SAM development could not only further deepen the understanding of the basic biological process but also of great significance to the improvement of maize yield traits.In this study,the structure of SAM and the CLV-WUS model regulating SAM development were introduced;The mechanism of SAM development regulation,genes affecting SAM development and the effects of hormones on SAM development in maize were reviewed;finally,existing problems in research of SAM development regulation were summarized,and the future research direction was prospected.