近代以来中国土地制度变迁的探索与启示(1851—1949)

Explorations and Enlightenments of Land System Changes in Late Imperial and Modern China(1851-1949)

土地问题一直与中华民族的命运紧密相连,1851年至1949年期间,中国的土地制度经历了三次重大变迁。有的仅停留在探索阶段,如太平天国的《天朝田亩制度》,孙中山的“平均地权”。有的则彻底改写了中国历史上留存下来的土地制度,如以毛泽东为首的共产党领导的土地革命。这三次尝试的历程告诉我们,谁解决了土地问题,谁就能赢得农民,也就能获得最广泛的支持。纵观这三次探索,可以梳理出近代以来中国土地制度变迁的特点与启示意义,这对于当下中国农村土地制度的探索与改革依然具有借鉴意义。

The land issue has always been closely related to the fate of the Chinese nation. From 1851to 1949, the land system in China experienced three major changes. Some only stay in the exploration stage,such as the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom’s "Tian Mu System in China" and Sun Yat-sen’s "Average Land Ownership". Others have completely rewritten the history of China. The land system, such as the land revolution led by the Party Central Committee headed by Mao Zedong. The course of these three attempts tells us that whoever solves the land problem will win. Farmers can get the widest support. Throughout these three explorations, we can sort out the characteristics and enlightenment significance of the changes of China’s land system since late imperial and modern times, which is of great significance to the exploration and reform of rural land system in China at present.