平衡与发展:中国自然保护地设置与农业生产保障的制度经济史解读

Balance and Development: An Interpretation of the Institutional Economic History on the Establishment of Nature Reserves and the Guarantee of Agricultural Production in China

本文对我国近现代百余年间自然保护地制度的历史变迁及其经济机制进行了梳理,以期为理解我国当前自然保护问题的现状及其与农业生产保障之间的内在演进机制提供一个制度经济史层面的解释。在溯源民国时期自然保护萌芽的基础上,将新中国成立以后自然保护地制度的历史演变划分为五个阶段,同时,应用“DSR”分析框架梳理了不同时期制度演变的阶段特征和基本逻辑;在此基础上,运用制度经济学理论结合制度演变过程中特定主体的行为特征,解读这一历史变迁内在的经济机制。研究认为,我国的自然保护和农业发展始终紧密地交织在一起,对农业生产加以保障是促进自然保护地制度变迁重要的内在因素之一,二者的有机统一对提升我国农业现代化水平、保障农业生态环境等具有重要意义。最后,研究基于对制度变迁逻辑的反思,从强化自然保护和农业经济发展、协调公众参与和政府管控等方面提出了相关制度发展的建议。

This paper sorts out the historical changes and economic mechanism of the nature reserve system in China in the past hundred years, in order to provide an explanation of the institutional economic history for understanding the current situation of China’s natural protection issues and the internal evolution mechanism with the agricultural production security. On the basis of tracing the origin of nature conservation in the period of the Republic of China, the research divides the historical evolution of nature reserve system after the founding of the People’s Republic of China into five stages, and combs the periodical characteristics and basic logic of the evolution of the system in different periods using the "DSR" analytical framework. On this basis, applying the theories of institutional economics, the paper further combines the behavioral characteristics of specific subjects in the process of institutional evolution to interpret its internal institutional economic mechanism. The research argues that China’s natural protection and agricultural development have always been closely intertwined, and the guarantee of agricultural production is one of the important internal factors to promote the institutional change of natural reserves. The organic integration of the two aspects is of great significance to enhance China’s agricultural modernization level and protect the agricultural ecological environment. Finally, according to the reflection on institutional change’s logic, suggestions on the development of relevant systems are put forward in terms of strengthening natural protection and agricultural economic development, coordinating public participation and government control and so on.