北部湾海洋鱼类微塑料的分离、鉴定及其特征分析

Separation, Identification and Characterization of Microplastics of Marine Fish in Beibu Gulf

作者采集北部湾9个地区的23种鱼类,结合原位红外光谱技术和激光拉曼红外光谱技术,采用场发射扫描电镜-X射线能谱(FESEM-EDS)技术对鱼体内微塑料表面形貌特征和微量元素进行分析。结果表明:(1)15.3%的鱼类胃肠道和2.59%的鳃中发现微塑料,鱼类微塑料个数在0~1.11个/个体之间;(2)微塑料颜色主要为透明色,形状主要为纤维类和碎片类;(3)微塑料类型主要有聚丙烯、聚对苯聚碳酸酯和尼龙;(4)微塑料表面出现褶皱、凹槽、划痕等形态特征,并携带了微量的Fe、Al、Zr、Ti等金属元素和Ca、K、Mg等盐类化合物元素。以上结果确定了北部湾周边区域鱼类微塑料的丰度、类型及其表面特征,为北部湾区域微塑料的污染程度和分布特征提供了参考依据。

Twenty-three species of fish from 9 regions of the Beibu Gulf were collected, combined with In-situ Infrared Spectroscopy and Laser Raman infrared spectroscopy, and usd Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope with Energy Dispersive Spectrometer(FESEM-EDS) technology to analyze the microplastic surface topography characteristics and trace elements in the fish. The results showed that microplastics were found in the gut of 15.3% of fish and 2.59% of their gills and the number of microplastics per fish sample ranged between 0 to 1.11 items/individual. The color of microplastics in fish was mainly transparen and the shape was mainly fiber and debris. The types of microplastics were mainly polypropylene, polycarbonate and nylon. Morphological features such as folds, grooves and scratches on the microplastic surface and carried trace metal elements such as Fe, Al, Zr, Ti and salt compounds such as Ca, K and Mg. The above results determined the abundance, types and surface characteristics of microplastics in the gut and gills of fish around the Beibu Gulf which provided a reference for the pollution degree and distribution characteristics of microplastics in the region.