食用植物油加工行业VOCs排放特征及健康风险评价

VOCs Emission Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Edible Vegetable Oil Processing Industry

为研究食用植物油加工行业挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放特征及其健康风险,该文选取了2家典型食用植物油加工企业(G和H)共13个点位进行采样分析,并对其生产车间的人体健康风险进行评价。结果表明,H企业的干燥回收工艺段VOCs排放浓度最高,达528.12 mg/m^(3),2家企业浸出、榨油、蒸脱、干燥回收工艺段VOCs排放浓度均超过120 mg/m^(3);VOCs组分类别以烷烃为主,正己烷、3-甲基戊烷、甲基环戊烷是该行业VOCs的优势物种;烷烃对OFP的贡献最大,达到91.2%,正己烷、3-甲基戊烷、甲基环戊烷、2-甲基戊烷是VOCs浓度占比和对OFP贡献占比前4的组分,溶剂使用是该行业加工过程VOCs排放的主要来源;在对车间VOCs浓度非致癌风险的评价中,G企业榨油浸出车间VOCs浓度对人体健康存在非致癌风险;致癌风险评价中,G企业榨油浸出车间苯、乙苯对人体健康存在大概率致癌风险,G企业和H企业的污水处理厂中苯、乙苯存在小概率致癌风险,G企业和H企业浸出车间中苯存在小概率致癌风险,乙苯则未达到致癌风险。

In order to study volatile organic compounds(VOCs) emission characteristics and health risks of edible vegetable oil processing industry (G,H),13 sites of the two typical edible vegetable oil processing enterprises were selected for sam-pling analysis,and the human health risks of their production workshops were evaluated.The results show that H enterprise has the highest VOCs emission concentration in the process of drying and recovery,reaching 528.12 mg/m^(3).The VOCs emis-sion concentration in the process of leaching,oil extraction,evaporation and drying and recovery of the two enterprises all exceed the emission standard of 120 mg/m^(3).VOCs component category is dominated by alkanes,n-hexane,3-methyl pentane,methyl cyclopentane is the dominant species of VOCs in the industry.Alkanes contributed the most to OFP,reaching 91.2%.n-hexane,3-methylpentane,methylcyclopentane and 2-methylpentane were the top 4 components in VOCs concentration ratio and OFP contribution ratio.In the evaluation of non-carcinogenic risk of workshop VOCs concentration,VOCs concentration in oil extraction workshop of G enterprise has non-carcinogenic risk to human health.In the evalua-tion of carcinogenic risk,benzene and ethylbenzene in the oil extraction workshop of G enterprise have a high probability of carcinogenic risk to human health,benzene and ethylbenzene in the sewage treatment plant of G enterprise and H enterprise have a low probability of carcinogenic risk,benzene in the extraction workshop of G enterprise and H enterprise have a low probability of carcinogenic risk,but ethylbenzene does not reach the carcinogenic risk.