高直链淀粉的生物合成和应用研究进展

Research Progress in Biosynthesis and Applications of High Amylose Starch

淀粉是一种可再生且环境友好的自然资源,在日常生活和工业生产中占有重要地位。淀粉由直链淀粉和支链淀粉组成,二者所占的比例决定了其性质和品质。普通淀粉一般含有20%~30%的直链淀粉,在使用基因工程等手段对作物进行育种后,可以得到直链淀粉含量50%以上的高直链淀粉。与普通淀粉相比,高直链淀粉具有特殊的理化性质,如更高的糊化温度、更易发生老化以及更好的成膜性能等。由高直链淀粉经过加工制备成的药物载体、食品添加剂和包装材料等各类产品也具备良好的性能,在工业上具有广阔的应用前景。从生物合成、理化性质及应用等三方面综述了高直链淀粉的研究进展,分析了发展过程中面临的问题,提出了可行的解决方法以及未来可能的发展方向,为高直链淀粉的研究和产业化应用提供了参考。

Starch is a renewable and environment-friendly natural resource, which plays an important role in daily life and industrial production.Starch is composed of amylose and amylopectin, and their proportion determines the properties and qualities of starch.Ordinary starch is generally composed of 20%-30% amylose.After breeding by means of genetic engineering, high amylose starch with amylose content of more than 50% can be obtained.Compared with ordinary starch, high amylose starch has special physicochemical properties, such as higher gelatinization temperature, easier retrograding, and better film-forming property.Drug carriers, food additives, packaging materials, and other products processed from high amylose starch also have good properties and broad application prospects in industry.In this paper, we summarize the research progress of high amylose starch from three aspects: biosynthesis, physicochemical property, and application, analyze the problems faced in its development process, and put forward the feasible solutions and possible development directions in the future, so as to provide reference for the research and industrial application of high amylose starch.